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Spatial distribution patterns and sources for potential toxic elements in soil in the Daxing District, Beijing, China
Determining the spatial distribution characteristics and sources for potential toxic elements (PTEs) in soil from the suburbs around large cities is important for a comprehensive understanding of the distribution patterns of pollutants as well as their effective prevention, control, and management f...
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Published in: | Arabian journal of geosciences 2022-04, Vol.15 (8), Article 790 |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Determining the spatial distribution characteristics and sources for potential toxic elements (PTEs) in soil from the suburbs around large cities is important for a comprehensive understanding of the distribution patterns of pollutants as well as their effective prevention, control, and management from the origin. In this study, a total of 4349 surface soil samples collected from the Daxing District in Beijing were analyzed for PTEs including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Co, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn, and V, and their spatial distribution patterns and source were determined using traditional statistics and positive matrix factorization (PMF) methods. The results show that compared to the background values of Beijing soil, the samples have higher Cd and Hg (average of 0.159 and 0.068 mg/kg, respectively) and lower Zn, V, C, Ni, Pb, Cu, Co, and As (average of 67.44, 66.98, 57.41, 23.70, 22.02, 20.48, 10.40, and 7.81 mg/kg, respectively). Geostatistical calculations show that V, As, Ni, and Co fit the exponential model and are mainly influenced by structural factors; Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn fit the linear model and are influenced by stochastic factors. Regional watershed and Paradise River distribution influence the contents of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, and V in the surrounding soils. PMF and redundancy analysis (RDA) results suggest three main sources for the PTEs, which include, in the order of decreasing contributions, natural geological background (contributing 77.8% As, 77.0% Cr, 78.4% Ni, 79.1% Co, and 80.2% V), anthropogenic source (93.5% Cd, 31.3% Pb, 32.9% Cu, and 45.9% Zn), and atmospheric dry and wet deposition source (76.6% Hg). Elements As, Cr, Ni, Co, and V are strongly correlated with geological background elements (e.g., Al
2
O
3
and Fe
2
O
3
) and Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Hg with elements closely related to agricultural production activities (e.g., N, P, and Corg). Our study identifies the sources and fate of PTEs in the surface soil in the Daxing District in Beijing and provides a methodological reference to prevent and control heavy metal pollution in the soil surface in the suburbs surrounding large cities at home and abroad. |
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ISSN: | 1866-7511 1866-7538 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s12517-022-09973-9 |