Mechanism of Particle Agglomeration for Single and Multi-Nozzle Atomization in Spray Drying: A Review

This paper reviews experimental works on the effects of single nozzle location and multi-nozzle atomization on the mechanism of particle agglomeration in spray drying. In addition to the naturally occurring primary agglomeration, forced and secondary agglomeration is observed as an effect of differe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Processes 2022-04, Vol.10 (4), p.727
Main Authors: Zbicinski, Ireneusz, Ciesielski, Krzysztof, Ge, Bangguo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agglomeration
Air intakes
Air temperature
Atomizing
Coalescing
Droplets
Drying
Fluid mechanics
Nozzles
Particle size
Particle size distribution
Residence time distribution
Size distribution
Spray drying
Spraying
Washers & dryers
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Summary:This paper reviews experimental works on the effects of single nozzle location and multi-nozzle atomization on the mechanism of particle agglomeration in spray drying. In addition to the naturally occurring primary agglomeration, forced and secondary agglomeration is observed as an effect of different nozzle positions or multiple-nozzle atomization in spray drying. Particle size diameters in the spray drying process for atomization from a single nozzle located at the top of the tower are larger than at the bottom of the tower because of the lower ambient air temperatures and longer residence time in the agglomeration zone. The trend of reduction in particle size is observed in all analyzed works when the nozzle is moved down towards the air inlet, due to droplets’ exposure to higher air temperatures and shorter residence time in the drying chamber. Conditions of droplet–droplet, dry–dry or sticky–dry collisions leading to the development of coalescence, agglomeration and rebound zones for multiple-nozzle atomization are described and discussed. Typically, log normal PSD was found for single-nozzle spraying whereas for multi nozzle arrangement, bi-modal particle size distribution was found both for drying in lab and industrial scale.
ISSN:2227-9717
2227-9717
DOI:10.3390/pr10040727