Dynamics of ice melting by an immiscible liquid layer heated from above

• Published in: Experimental thermal and fluid science 2022-07, Vol.135, p.110641, Article 110641
• Main Authors: Farmahini Farahani, Hamed, Hayashi, Tatsunori, Sakaue, Hirotaka, Rangwala, Ali S.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Contact melting; Convection; Density gradients; Dodecane; Free surfaces; Heat flux; Heat transfer; Ice; Ice formation; Immiscible layer; Interfacial flows; Intrusion; Liquid phases; Liquid surfaces; Meltflow film; Melting; Miscibility; Oil spills; Particle image velocimetry; Radiation; Radiation measurement; Surface flow; Temperature gradients
• ISSN: 0894-1777; 1879-2286
• DOI: 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2022.110641

•Melting of an ice wall adjacent to an immiscible liquid heated from above was studied.•Two melting regimes across the depth of the ice exist that depend on heat flux levels.•Flow visualization revealed two flows, one-roll and multi-roll flow patterns.•Multi-roll flow near the free surface prevented heat exchange to the depth of liquid.•Multi-roll flow pattern melts the ice near the liquid surface and expands surface of the liquid. A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the melting of ice adjacent to a water-immiscible liquid layer (n-dodecane) exposed to radiation from above. The experimental setup consisted of a borosilicate container containing an ice wall and a layer of n-dodecane heated from above. In addition to tracking the movement of the melt front, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Background Oriented Schlieren (BOS) measurements were conducted on the liquid-phase. Two distinct melting regimes were found to dominate the melting process. First was the uniform melting across the contact area with the immiscible liquid layer for low radiation levels (∼1 kW/m2). Second was the lateral intrusion regime, where a depression near free surface of the liquid forms in ice and grows laterally for radiation level greater than ∼ 1 kW/m2. The ice surface remained flat and smooth in uniform melting regime, whereas in the lateral intrusion regime a series of rivulets were formed that carved valleys on the ice. PIV measurements showed a surface flow toward the ice for all heat flux levels caused by surface-tension forces. Increase of the heat flux levels caused a transition to multi-roll structure in the flow field. This multi-roll structure, which is accompanied by a recirculation zone near the ice, increased heat transfer near the surface of the liquid causing lateral intrusion regime. BOS measurements indicated presence of density gradients below the free surface of n-dodecane and in regions near the ice that are caused by local small-scale temperature gradients. The current experiments were conducted to explore the melting dynamics and to shed light on the processes that influence the ice melting. Implications of such mechanisms in a real-life scenario, i.e. oil spill in ice-infested waters, needs to be explored further by using more liquids and improved accuracy of the diagnostic techniques.