Persistent nonlinear phase-locking and non-monotonic energy dissipation in micromechanical resonators

• Published in: arXiv.org 2022-06
• Main Authors: Wang, Mingkang, Perez-Morelo, Diego J, Lopez, Daniel, Aksyuk, Vladimir A
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Dynamical systems; Energy dissipation; Locking; Nonlinear dynamics; Nonlinear systems; Nonlinearity; Resonators; Systems engineering
• ISSN: 2331-8422
• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2206.01089

Many nonlinear systems are described by eigenmodes with amplitude-dependent frequencies, interacting strongly whenever the frequencies become commensurate at internal resonances. Fast energy exchange via the resonances holds the key to rich dynamical behavior, such as time-varying relaxation rates and signatures of nonergodicity in thermal equilibrium, revealed in the recent experimental and theoretical studies of micro and nanomechanical resonators. However, a universal yet intuitive physical description for these diverse and sometimes contradictory experimental observations remains elusive. Here we experimentally reveal persistent nonlinear phase-locked states occurring at internal resonances and demonstrate that they are essential for understanding the transient dynamics of nonlinear systems with coupled eigenmodes. The measured dynamics of a fully observable micromechanical resonator system are quantitatively described by the lower frequency mode entering, maintaining, and exiting a persistent phase-locked period tripling state generated by the nonlinear driving force exerted by the higher frequency mode. This model describes the observed phase-locked coherence times, the direction and magnitude of the energy exchange, and the resulting non-monotonic mode energy evolution. Depending on the initial relative phase, the system selects distinct relaxation pathways, either entering or bypassing the locked state. The described persistent phase-locking is not limited to particular frequency fractions or types of nonlinearities and may advance nonlinear resonator systems engineering across physical domains, including photonics as well as nanomechanics.