Time-domain distance protection of transmission lines based on the conic section general equation

• Published in: Electric power systems research 2022-04, Vol.205, p.107740, Article 107740
• Main Authors: Vianna, Priscila de Lima, Junior, Giovanni Manassero
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Algorithms; Bearings; Electric power lines; Fault location; Fault tolerance; Power system protection; Power system protective relaying; Power systems; Power transmission lines; Robustness (mathematics); Sensitivity analysis; Studies; Time domain analysis; Transmission lines; Voltage transformers
• ISSN: 0378-7796; 1873-2046
• DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107740

•Calculation of the transmission line impedance to the fault location based on the conic section general equation and the solution of a homogeneous linear system.•Proposes a new time-domain distance protection algorithm based on the Lissajous figure of the measured voltage and current signals.•Three-phase implementation of the novel method by using a fractional time delay filter for the zero-sequence current compensation.•The proposed algorithm calculates the impedance accurately and presents faster stabilization and pickup times when compared to the conventional DFT based distance protection.•The proposed method has a good performance even during adverse conditions, such as the presence of CVT, CT saturation, power swing, and close-in faults. This paper presents the development, implementation, and testing of a time-domain distance protection algorithm based on the behavior of voltage and current signals over time and on the conic section general equation that describes this behavior. The authors used six existing electrical systems modeled in ATP/EMTP to perform fault simulations varying the fault type, phases involved, fault resistance, inception angle, and fault location. Besides, the authors carried out a sensitivity analysis regarding the sampling frequency influence, noisy data, dynamic behavior of capacitor voltage transformers, power swings, and close-in faults. Finally, the authors tested the proposed method against an actual fault event on a 500 kV Brazilian transmission line. The results presented in this paper indicate that the proposed solution is robust, fast, accurate, secure, and dependable.