Design Methodology of Bidirectional Resonant CLLC Charger for Wide Voltage Range Based on Parameter Equivalent and Time Domain Model

• Published in: IEEE transactions on power electronics 2022-10, Vol.37 (10), p.12041-12064
• Main Authors: Zhao, Lie, Pei, Yunqing, Wang, Laili, Pei, Long, Cao, Wei, Gan, Yongmei
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Batteries; Battery chargers; Charging; CLLC resonant converter; Converters; Design engineering; Design methodology; Electric potential; Energy storage; Equivalence; Frequency ranges; Magnetic resonance; Mathematical models; parameter equivalent; Parameters; Power flow; Principles; Reactive power; Storage systems; Switching; Time division multiplexing; Time domain analysis; time domain model; Voltage; Voltage control; wide voltage range; Zero voltage switching; zero-voltage switching (ZVS)
• ISSN: 0885-8993; 1941-0107
• DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2022.3170101

The bidirectional CLLC resonant converter has distinguished potential in battery chargers and energy storage systems for its advantages in soft switching and bidirectional power flow capability. However, traditional CLLC converters generally adopt symmetrical design to maintain bidirectional symmetrical characteristics, which means the secondary LC network is designed to be equal to the primary LC network after reflection. The symmetrical design is only suitable for voltage grade matching scenarios where a wide voltage range is not required, such as CLLC-type dc transformers. Whereas in the field of bidirectional chargers, due to the wide voltage range of battery, there are significant differences in the characteristics required between charging and discharging mode, which makes symmetrical design no longer applicable. To cope with this issue, this paper proposes a novel design methodology of CLLC based on parameter equivalent and time domain model. With the parameter equivalent principle, the CLLC resonant tank with arbitrary parameters is investigated to satisfy the requirements of wide voltage range for bidirectional charger application. Compared with the symmetrical design, the proposed method can meet the requirements of bidirectional gain within preset frequency range and guarantee the achievement of zero-voltage switching under required load conditions with the minimum reactive power. In addition, the area product capacity of the magnetic part of the CLLC resonant tank is minimized based on the parameter equivalent principle. Finally, experiments have been performed on a 1 kW prototype to confirm the validity and feasibility of the proposed design methodology.