Residual stresses in weld bead of low carbon steel plates welded by GMAW using LCR waves

• Published in: Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 2022-07, Vol.44 (7), Article 290
• Main Authors: Grzybowski, Igor Felipe, Zientarski, Renan Rakoski, Buenos, Alexandre Aparecido, dos Santos Junior, Auteliano Antunes
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acoustoelasticity; Design of experiments; Engineering; Gas metal arc welding; Hot rolling; Hot-rolled steel; Low carbon steels; Mechanical Engineering; Nondestructive testing; Quality control; Residual stress; Response surface methodology; Steel plates; Technical Paper; Ultrasonic testing; Weld defects; Welding parameters
• ISSN: 1678-5878; 1806-3691
• DOI: 10.1007/s40430-022-03587-8

This study investigates the effects of welding parameters on residual stresses (RS) in the weld bead of low carbon hot-rolled steel plates welded by gas metal arc welding (GMAW). The ultrasonic nondestructive technique using L cr waves is employed. The wave speed is estimated through the measured time-of-flight (TOF) in the material subsurface and the current internal stresses were calculated using acoustoelastic relations. Aiming to find the best set of welding parameters, arc voltage (WAV), wire feed speed (WFS), and welding speed (WS) were tested using a design of experiments (DOE) approach and analyzed with the response surface methodology (RSM); other parameters were kept fixed. The methodology enabled the construction of the RS profiles, even facing surface welding defects that led to the disposal of some samples. Results indicated that RS increases with WAV and WFS. As for WS, a stress peak was found at 30 cm/min. The results also highlight the importance of setting the right parameters to get low resultant stresses and the effectiveness of the acoustoelastic technique for quality control in welding processes.