Current analytical trends of abuse of tramadol and its forensic significance

Introduction The utilization and misuse of prescription and controlled medications are expanding globally. However, the kind of substance abused may contrast from one country to another, but few drugs expand their horizons due to misused capabilities, expansion of the darknet, and increase in the In...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxicology and environmental health sciences 2022-06, Vol.14 (2), p.111-129
Main Authors: Chauhan, Varsha, Manisha, Shukla, S. K., Munjal, Priyanka
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Addicts
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Capillary electrophoresis
Chemical sensors
Drugs
Electrochemistry
Electrophoresis
Environmental Health
Fluorescence spectroscopy
Forensic science
High-performance liquid chromatography
Liquid chromatography
Mathematical analysis
Mini Review
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Pharmaceutical industry
Pharmaceuticals
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Saliva
Scientists
Spectroscopy
Tramadol
Trends
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Summary:Introduction The utilization and misuse of prescription and controlled medications are expanding globally. However, the kind of substance abused may contrast from one country to another, but few drugs expand their horizons due to misused capabilities, expansion of the darknet, and increase in the Internet Connecting World. One of them is tramadol, a widely misused drug worldwide, which enforcement agencies recently noticed. In treating moderate to severe pain, a racemic combination of tramadol is employed. The non-medical utilization of narcotic drugs, i.e., tramadol, is a quick arising general medical issue prompting expanding calls for planning alterations to existing policies, reconnaissance, research, and wellbeing advancement measures. Tramadol addicts typically have a history of substance usage, and studies show that the number of tramadol abusers is increasing, particularly in some Middle Eastern Nations. Method This review article finds the trends of analytical methods toward identification in pharmaceutical preparation and toxicological samples such as hair, urine, blood, and saliva. In the last 20 years, various analytical tools such as UV–visible spectroscopy, HPTLC, HPLC, LC–MS, GC, GC–MS, NMR, Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Capillary Electrophoresis, Electrochemical sensors have been used for the identification of drugs in pharmaceutical preparation and toxicological samples. Forensic Scientists can only rely on quick and easy methods to perform. Result and discussion This evaluation aims to give forensic scientists, pharmaceutical companies, and toxicologists the best solution for identifying tramadol acquired in the chemistry and toxicological divisions of various laboratories.
ISSN:2005-9752
2233-7784
DOI:10.1007/s13530-022-00131-y