Cells of Cerebrovascular Endothelium and Perivascular Astroglia in the Regulation of Neurogenesis

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a constellation of cells within the neurovascular unit of the brain that perform the barrier function, being also involved in the mechanisms of neuroplasticity. The BBB permeability relies on the efficiency of making contacts between cerebrovascular endothelial cells...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of evolutionary biochemistry and physiology 2022-05, Vol.58 (3), p.728-741
Main Authors: Teplyashina, E. A., Gorina, Ya. V., Khilazheva, E. D., Boytsova, E. B., Mosyagina, A. I., Malinovskaya, N. A., Komleva, Yu. K., Morgun, A. V., Uspenskaya, Yu. A., Shuvaev, A. N., Salmina, A. B.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal Physiology
Astrocytes
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Blood-brain barrier
Cell differentiation
Cell proliferation
Cytokines
Endothelial cells
Endothelium
Evolutionary Biology
Growth factors
Life Sciences
Membrane permeability
Microenvironments
Neurogenesis
Neuroplasticity
Pericytes
Permeability
Progenitor cells
Reviews
Stem cells
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Summary:The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a constellation of cells within the neurovascular unit of the brain that perform the barrier function, being also involved in the mechanisms of neuroplasticity. The BBB permeability relies on the efficiency of making contacts between cerebrovascular endothelial cells, mechanisms of transcellular permeability, and crosstalk between endothelial and perivascular cells, specifically, pericytes and astrocytes. In addition, the BBB permeability is a derivative of the entire neurovascular unit’s activity and affects the processes of neuroplasticity, specifically, neurogenesis, which in the adult brain occurs in specialized neurogenic niches wherein the maintenance of the pool of stem and progenitor cells, their renewal, proliferation, and differentiation are controlled by the local microenvironment. The formation of this microenvironment is largely determined by the BBB permeability in microvessels that make up a vascular basis of neurogenic niches. Therefore, functional coupling of neurogenesis and neoangiogenesis is an important component of the mechanisms underlying brain plasticity. The processes of neoangiogenesis and neurogenesis are interrelated through the effects of a wide range of regulatory molecules: growth factors, cytokines, neuro- and gliotransmitters, metabolites. Modern technologies make it possible to develop new protocols for controlling the activity of cells that form a proneurogenic and/or proangiogenic microenvironment. The review summarizes current ideas on the mechanisms of neuroplasticity that involve cerebrovascular endothelial cells, as well as on the possibilities of controlling or optogenetic targeting of perivascular astroglia.
ISSN:0022-0930
1608-3202
DOI:10.1134/S0022093022030097