A Resist‐Accept‐Direct (RAD) future for Salmon in Maine and California: Salmon at the southern edge

North American salmon once ranged from ocean waters near the Arctic Circle southward to southern New England on the Atlantic and Mexico on the Pacific. The colonial and industrial transformation of rivers and oceans have led to extirpation or endangered status of many southern populations. Today, ch...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Fisheries management and ecology 2022-08, Vol.29 (4), p.456-474
Main Authors: Kocik, John F., Hayes, Sean A., Carlson, Stephanie M., Cluer, Brian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anthropogenic factors
Biological activity
climate
Climate change
Conservation
Endangered & extinct species
Endangered species
Environmental restoration
Fish
Fish conservation
Freshwater fishes
Habitats
management
Ocean policies
Oceans
Oncorhynchus
Rare species
refugia
resilience
Rivers
Salmo
Salmon
stewardship
Wildlife conservation
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Summary:North American salmon once ranged from ocean waters near the Arctic Circle southward to southern New England on the Atlantic and Mexico on the Pacific. The colonial and industrial transformation of rivers and oceans have led to extirpation or endangered status of many southern populations. Today, chronic anthropogenic stressors interact with climate change, which means that effective conservation must address changes in transformed ecosystems. Conservation goals are designed to recover both the species and their habitats. While seemingly congruent, habitat and fish management have different timetables due to speed of changes in climate, habitat, and biological processes relative to regulatory processes, habitat restoration, and project implementation. The Resist‐Accept‐Direct (RAD) framework facilitated exploration of ideas and actions to restore suitable conditions for salmon listed under the Endangered Species Act at their southern edge. Creative and big solutions are needed to recover salmon and RAD provided a way to examine conservation options to sustain salmon in an era of change.
ISSN:0969-997X
1365-2400
DOI:10.1111/fme.12575