How does the structure of pullulan alginate composites change in the biological environment?

Alginate and pullulan are two polysaccharides with numerous applications in the field of biomedical sciences such as wound dressing, soft and hard tissue regeneration. These materials come into contact with the human body for various time intervals, depending on their intended use. In this study, al...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of materials science 2022-10, Vol.57 (40), p.19050-19067
Main Authors: Magyari, Klára, Dreancă, Alexandra, Székely, István, Popescu, Andra, Feraru, Alexandra, Páll, Emőke, Gyulavári, Tamás, Suciu, Maria, Cenariu, Mihai, Bobu, Emma, Baia, Lucian, Baia, Monica
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adhesion tests
Alginates
Apatite
Apoptosis
Biocompatibility
Biodegradability
Bioglass
Biological activity
Biological products
Biomedical materials
Body fluids
Calcium
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Chemistry and Materials Science
Classical Mechanics
Composite materials
Crystallography and Scattering Methods
In vitro methods and tests
In vivo methods and tests
Materials for Life Sciences
Materials Science
Necrosis
Oxalates
Oxalic acid
Polymer Sciences
Polysaccharides
Pullulan
Regeneration (physiology)
Solid Mechanics
Swelling ratio
Tissue engineering
Wound healing
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Summary:Alginate and pullulan are two polysaccharides with numerous applications in the field of biomedical sciences such as wound dressing, soft and hard tissue regeneration. These materials come into contact with the human body for various time intervals, depending on their intended use. In this study, alginate–pullulan composites were synthesized and assayed in vitro as follows: bioactivity, biodegradability, swelling ratio, and biocompatibility. After 2 weeks of immersion in simulated body fluid, calcium oxalate appeared on the surface of the composites near the apatite layer. The in vitro biocompatibility assay using human fibroblastic and osteoblastic cell lines showed encouraging results; therefore, the polymeric composite proved to be non-toxic and safe for further in vivo testing. This was also reinforced by cell proliferation, necrosis, apoptosis, and surface adhesion tests. The most promising results were obtained with the composite that was prepared using an alginate: pullulan weight ratio of 1:0.75. Applying this ratio caused cellular growth on the surface of the biomaterial. The applicability of composites was limited by the appearance of calcium oxalate. However, this phenomenon could be prevented by introducing an inorganic component into the alginate–pullulan composites, such as bioactive glass. Graphical abstract
ISSN:0022-2461
1573-4803
DOI:10.1007/s10853-022-07775-8