Helsinki in Zion: Hospital ethics committees and political gatekeeping in Israel/Palestine

• Published in: American anthropologist 2022-12, Vol.124 (4), p.688-702
• Main Author: Shalev, Guy
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bureaucracy; Censorship; Committees; Ethics; Ethics committees; Ethnographic research; Ethnography; hospital ethnography; Hospitals; Ideology; Institutions; IRB; Israel/Palestine; Machinery; Medicine; nationalism; Negligence; neutrality; Physicians; Politics; Power; Research ethics; Statehood; Subjectivity; Zionism
• ISSN: 0002-7294; 1548-1433
• DOI: 10.1111/aman.13767

This article looks at six months of the author's repeated attempts to obtain the approval of three Helsinki Committees (HCs, Israeli hospitals’ research ethics committees) to conduct ethnographic research with Palestinian physicians in Israeli hospitals. While the research was eventually approved and carried out in two of these institutions, correspondence with HC representatives, as well as evidence of their informal moves with institutions’ management, reflect their perceptions of the risks the study posed. In the Israeli hospital, acknowledging Palestinian political subjectivity challenges the definition of Israeli nationhood as exclusively Jewish and contaminates the allegedly politically neutral medical sphere. These committees exerted their power to serve their institutions and state ideology. This, I argue, should not be understood as anomalous instances of negligence. I show how the committees’ censorship was attuned to the Declaration of Helsinki as their guiding text and Zionism as their underlying ideology. Embedded in the powerful regimes of ethics, bureaucracy, science, and health, ethics committees employ “unarmed power” that is beyond critique. They are well‐oiled “anti‐politics machines,” rearticulating political concerns into a depoliticized moral discourse. As such, they not only limit academic inquiry but also redefine, in political terms, the realm of the moral. Resumen Este artículo analiza seis meses de intentos repetidos del autor para obtener la aprobación de tres Comités de Helsinki (HCs, comités de ética de investigación de hospitales israelíes) a conductas de investigación etnográfica con médicos palestinos en hospitales israelíes. Mientras la investigación fue eventualmente aprobada y llevada a cabo en dos de estas instituciones, correspondencia con representantes de los HCs, así como evidencia de sus movimientos informales con el manejo de las instituciones, reflejan sus percepciones de los riesgos que el estudio planteaba. En el hospital israelí, el reconocer la subjetividad política palestina reta la definición de sentido de nación israelí como exclusivamente judía y contamina la esfera médica alegada políticamente neutral. Estos comités ejercieron su poder para servir a sus instituciones e ideología estatal. Esto, argumento, no debe ser entendido como instancias anómalas de negligencia. Muestro cómo la censura de los comités estuvo sintonizada con la Declaración de Helsinki como su texto guía y el sionismo como ideología sub