Nutritional Interventions and Lifestyle Changing in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevention: A Narrative Review

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common pregnancy complication, and its prevalence is increasing, as obesity is more prevalent in women at reproductive age. Food choices and patterns that might reduce incidence are of great importance, and the present review aims to offer...

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Published in:Sustainability 2023-01, Vol.15 (2), p.1069
Main Authors: Zugravu, Corina, Petra, Andreea, Pietroșel, Valeria-Anca, Mihai, Bianca-Margareta, Mihai, Doina-Andrada, Bohîlțea, Roxana-Elena, Tarcea, Monica
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Behavior modification
Body mass index
Clinical trials
Diabetes mellitus
Diet
Dietitians
Exercise
Food consumption
Food groups
Food intake
Food processing
Gestational diabetes
Intervention
Lifestyles
Literature reviews
Maternal & child health
Nutrition research
Obesity
Physical fitness
Pregnancy
Pregnancy complications
Prevention
Probiotics
Processed foods
Sugar
Vitamin D
Womens health
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Summary:Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common pregnancy complication, and its prevalence is increasing, as obesity is more prevalent in women at reproductive age. Food choices and patterns that might reduce incidence are of great importance, and the present review aims to offer a perspective on different types of nutritional interventions in GDM prevention. Methods: A literature review in the PubMed database was conducted in order to identify full-text, English, randomized control trials and observational clinical studies, published in the last 10 years, that are the most relevant to emphasize the usefulness of nutritional and lifestyle interventions in prevention of GDM. Results and discussions: Twenty-two articles met the inclusion criteria and were relevant for the search. Their outcomes were reported and analyzed. Dietary interventions were very heterogeneous, including general counselling of healthier eating patterns, recommendations to follow a Mediterranean dietary pattern or to choose low-glycemic-index foods, and dietary advice focusing on increasing consumption of some food groups or vitamin D or probiotics supplementations. Conclusions: Among these interventions, a moderate-intensity lifestyle intervention optimizing participants’ consumption of whole grains, vegetables, and fruits; portion control; lowering intake of ultra-processed food and simple sugars; and Mediterranean diet intervention were the most successful in reducing GDM incidence.
ISSN:2071-1050
2071-1050
DOI:10.3390/su15021069