Antileishmanial Screening, Cytotoxicity, and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils: A Special Focus on Piper callosum Essential Oil

Leishmania amazonensis is the etiological agent of tegumentary leishmaniasis, a disease characterized by the emergence of cutaneous and mucocutaneous ulcerated lesions that can evolve into severe destruction of skin tissue. Treatment of the disease is often accompanied by high toxicity and variable...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chemistry & biodiversity 2023-02, Vol.20 (2), p.e202200689-n/a
Main Authors: Garcia, Andreza R., Amaral, Ana Claudia F., Maria, Ana Clara B., Paz, Mariana M., Amorim, Mariana M. B., Chaves, Francisco C. M., Vermelho, Alane B., Nico, Dirlei, Rodrigues, Igor A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amastigotes
Animals
antileishmanial activity
Antiprotozoal Agents - chemistry
Chemical activity
Chemical composition
Cytotoxicity
Depolarization
drug screening
drug selectivity
Erythrocytes
Essential oils
Humans
Leishmania
Leishmaniasis - drug therapy
Membrane potential
Mice
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Mitochondria
Oils, Volatile - chemistry
Piper - chemistry
Safrole
Selectivity
Tegumentary leishmaniasis
Toxicity
Vector-borne diseases
volatile oils
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Summary:Leishmania amazonensis is the etiological agent of tegumentary leishmaniasis, a disease characterized by the emergence of cutaneous and mucocutaneous ulcerated lesions that can evolve into severe destruction of skin tissue. Treatment of the disease is often accompanied by high toxicity and variable efficacy. Essential oils stand out for having diverse pharmacological properties. Here, we screened a panel of fourteen essential oils for their anti‐L. amazonensis activity, cytotoxicity, and chemical profile. Lippia sidoides (LSEO) and Piper callosum (PCEO) oils displayed the best anti‐promastigote and anti‐amastigote activities with IC50 of 31 and 21 μg/ml, respectively. PCEO was the safest oil with a desirable selectivity index >10. In addition, PCEO showed no cytotoxicity against the VERO line and erythrocytes. PCEO‐treated amastigotes displayed mitochondrial membrane depolarization and high levels of intracellular ROS. Safrole (54.72 %) was the main component of PCEO. The results described here highlight the use of essential oils to combat tegumentary leishmaniasis.
ISSN:1612-1872
1612-1880
DOI:10.1002/cbdv.202200689