Banned Sudan dyes in spices available at markets in Karachi, Pakistan

Sudan dyes were investigated in branded and non-branded spices, commonly available in the markets of Karachi, Pakistan. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a variable wavelength detector (VWD) was applied to determine Sudan dyes I-IV. The non-branded samples had higher concentrations...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Food additives & contaminants Part B, Surveillance communications Surveillance communications, 2023-03, Vol.16 (1), p.69-76
Main Authors: Ullah, Asad, Chan, Malik Wajid Hussain, Aslam, Sadar, Khan, Ali, Abbas, Qamar, Ali, Shamsher, Ali, Meher, Hussain, Abid, Mirani, Zulfiqar Ali, Sibt-e-Hassan, Syed, Kazmi, Mohib Reza, Ali, Shaukat, Hussain, Shafqat, Khan, Abdul Majeed
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Carcinogens
Dyes
Food adulteration
health risk
High performance liquid chromatography
Karachi Pakistan
non-branded spices
Spices
Sudan dyes
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Summary:Sudan dyes were investigated in branded and non-branded spices, commonly available in the markets of Karachi, Pakistan. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a variable wavelength detector (VWD) was applied to determine Sudan dyes I-IV. The non-branded samples had higher concentrations of Sudan dyes than the maximum limits of 0.1 mg/kg. The highest concentration of Sudan dye (I) was found in turmeric powder (8460 mg/kg) and the lowest concentration (1.50 mg/kg) of Sudan (IV) in Chaat Masala. This indicates that the use of non-branded spices is not safe, whereas no Sudan dye was found in the branded spice samples. Further studies regarding the higher carcinogenic risk posed by Sudan dye adulterated spices in Pakistan is strongly advised.
ISSN:1939-3210
1939-3229
DOI:10.1080/19393210.2022.2100489