Identifying Critical Defect Sizes From Pore Clusters in Nickel-based Superalloys Using Automated Analysis and Casting Simulation

• Published in: Metallurgical and materials transactions. A, Physical metallurgy and materials science Physical metallurgy and materials science, 2023-05, Vol.54 (5), p.1699-1709
• Main Authors: Bellomo, Naomi Piera, Öztürk, Irem, Günzel, Michael, Reed, Rachel, Sundar, Veeraraghavan, Ammar, Amine, Schwalbe, Caspar
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Automation; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials; Chemistry and Materials Science; Clusters; Crack initiation; Defects; Diameters; Fatigue life; Fourth European Symposium on Superalloys and their Applications; Investment casting; Materials Science; Metallic Materials; Nanotechnology; Nickel; Nickel base alloys; Photomicrographs; Pore size; Porosity; Scaling factors; Simulation; Solidification; Structural Materials; Superalloys; Surfaces and Interfaces; Thin Films; Topical Collection: Processing and Applications of Superalloys; Two dimensional analysis
• ISSN: 1073-5623; 1543-1940
• DOI: 10.1007/s11661-023-07010-2

Porosity can form during investment casting as a result of the solidification conditions. Significant porosity can result in agglomerations (pore clusters) which are a primary crack initiation source and can result in reduced fatigue life of Nickel-based superalloys. Such clusters of porosity are today conventionally measured using 2D micrographs. An approach to accurately predict and analyze casting porosity from 2D cuts while facing in reality a 3D shape problem is currently missing. In this work, an approach that combines automation and simulation to assess the representative pore dimension, their interconnectivity and the porosity position is presented. On a LPT blade made of IN100, the porosity percentage and Feret diameter have been measured in multiple cuts and the porosity was found to be in the range of 0.88 to 5.4 pct. From the same micrographs the critical defect sizes were estimated with an automated tool to be in the range of 200 to 1800 μ m. The simulated shrinkage porosity for the same part, was predicted to be in the range of 1.67 to 2.33 pct. This study shows that the scaling factor between the pore Feret diameter and the critical pore size is equal to 2.9, in accordance to the proportionality of critical pores size clusters calculated from a 2D and 3D dataset. Finally, the simulated casting porosity was compared to that measured on cast blades in critical regions and the predictive accuracy is discussed in detail.