Chitosan-based beads as sustainable adsorbents for wastewater remediation: a review

Water contamination is increasing worldwide, yet actual methods of water and wastewater treatment are limited, in particular by actual fossil-fuel derived nano-adsorbents that are difficult to regenerate. This calls for advanced methods that use sustainable materials such as chitosan. Chitosan is a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental chemistry letters 2023-06, Vol.21 (3), p.1881-1905
Main Authors: Balakrishnan, Akash, Appunni, Sowmya, Chinthala, Mahendra, Jacob, Meenu Mariam, Vo, Dai-Viet N., Reddy, Soreddy Sainath, Kunnel, Emmanuel Sebastian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adsorbents
Adsorption
Analytical Chemistry
Beads
Biopolymers
Chemical engineering
Chemistry
Chitosan
Contamination
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Fossil fuels
Fossils
Geochemistry
Heavy metals
Hydrogels
Hydroxyapatite
Marine crustaceans
Medical wastes
Membranes
Metal-organic frameworks
Metals
Nickel
Pollutant removal
Pollutants
Pollution
Removal
Review Paper
Shellfish
Skeleton
Sustainability
Sustainable materials
Sustainable use
Wastewater treatment
Water pollution
Water treatment
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Summary:Water contamination is increasing worldwide, yet actual methods of water and wastewater treatment are limited, in particular by actual fossil-fuel derived nano-adsorbents that are difficult to regenerate. This calls for advanced methods that use sustainable materials such as chitosan. Chitosan is a biopolymer extracted from the outer skeleton of shellfish, including crab, lobster, and shrimp. Chitosan is non-toxic, abundant, and chemical and physical stable. Moreover, chitosan can be shaped into beads, sheets, membranes, and composites. Here, we review chitosan-based beads for wastewater treatment with focus on adsorption mechanisms, removal of pollutants, functionalization, metal organic frameworks, magnetic beads, imprinted and co-polymeric beads, and regeneration. We found that chitosan/Fe-hydroxyapatite beads exhibit an adsorption capacity of 1385 mg/g for the removal of lead. Imprinted magnetic chitosan beads display a reusability of 15 cycles for nickel removal.
ISSN:1610-3653
1610-3661
DOI:10.1007/s10311-023-01563-9