M−N−C Materials for Electrochemical Reduction Reactions: Recent Strategies for Improving Electrocatalytic Activity and Stability

Electrocatalytic reduction of small molecules such as dioxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and water has driven conspicuous attention due to their technological importance and capability of tackling current environmental issues. So far, to drive such reactions, catalysts based on the platinum‐group...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:ChemCatChem 2023-06, Vol.15 (11), p.n/a
Main Authors: Araújo, Moisés A., Koverga, Andrey A., Sakita, Alan M. P., Ometto, Felipe B., Trindade, Letícia G., Ticianelli, Edson A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Carbon dioxide
Catalysts
Chemical reactions
Chemical reduction
density functional calculations
electrocatalysis
electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction
hydrogen
hydrogen evolution reaction
oxygen reduction reaction
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Summary:Electrocatalytic reduction of small molecules such as dioxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and water has driven conspicuous attention due to their technological importance and capability of tackling current environmental issues. So far, to drive such reactions, catalysts based on the platinum‐group elements have displayed the best performance, however, the high‐cost and scarcity of these elements hinder large‐scale applications. Alternatively, earth‐abundant M−N−C (M=Fe, Co, or Ni) materials have stood out as potential candidates because of their suitable electrocatalytic properties for the aforementioned reactions. In this way, the present review aims to provide a thorough account of the recently reported strategies to improve the electrocatalytic reduction of O2, CO2, and water on M−N−C catalysts. In order to have an in‐depth understanding of these reactions, we will also discuss some of the latest theoretical studies based on computer modelling and simulation. Lastly, additional comments on future perspectives will be provided to guide new studies. Strategies based on metal centre choice, introduction of dopants (e. g., phosphorus, and sulphur), coordination number control, modulation of nitrogen functionality, increase of M‐Nx active sites density, and DFT‐based theoretical models have recently been employed to further improve electrocatalytic performance and durability of M−N−C (M=Fe, Co, or Ni) catalysts for ORR, CO2RR, and HER.
ISSN:1867-3880
1867-3899
DOI:10.1002/cctc.202201594