A HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of chlorhexidine and thymol using Box-Behnken design for robustness of the method assessment

The antimicrobial chlorhexidine is considered the gold standard in dentistry. Thymol is a phenol found in the essential oils of various plant species and also stands out for its antimicrobial potential. Synergistic effects can be promoted by applying these two active pharmaceutical ingredients toget...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of liquid chromatography & related technologies 2023-09, Vol.46 (6-10), p.168-179
Main Authors: Muniz, Vanessa Morais, Chaves Júnior, José Venâncio, Aragão, Cícero Flávio Soares, Souza, Fábio Santos de, Sampaio, Fábio Correia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Active control
Antiinfectives and antibacterials
Box-Behnken
Chlorhexidine
Coefficient of variation
Controlled release
Degradation products
Dentistry
Design of experiments
Essential oils
Experimental design
High performance liquid chromatography
HPLC
Ingredients
Ions
Liquid chromatography
Mathematical analysis
Microparticles
Optimization
Pharmaceuticals
Phenols
Plant species
Quality control
Sodium phosphate
Stationary phase
Synergistic effect
Thymol
Triethylamine
validation
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c338t-284d76ce0bd16e650bafd257d84b5a763e77461c3eee7f63333f7de14c08bbee3
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c338t-284d76ce0bd16e650bafd257d84b5a763e77461c3eee7f63333f7de14c08bbee3
container_end_page 179
container_issue 6-10
container_start_page 168
container_title Journal of liquid chromatography & related technologies
container_volume 46
creator Muniz, Vanessa Morais
Chaves Júnior, José Venâncio
Aragão, Cícero Flávio Soares
Souza, Fábio Santos de
Sampaio, Fábio Correia
description The antimicrobial chlorhexidine is considered the gold standard in dentistry. Thymol is a phenol found in the essential oils of various plant species and also stands out for its antimicrobial potential. Synergistic effects can be promoted by applying these two active pharmaceutical ingredients together in technological products, for example in controlled release microparticles. The objective of this work was to develop and validate an analytical methodology applying a Box-Behnken experimental design and using High Performance Liquid Chromatography capable of quantifying chlorhexidine and thymol simultaneously in a matrix including pharmaceutical excipients. After optimization, the mobile phase consisted of methanol and 0.03 M monobasic sodium phosphate buffer (60:40), with 0.4% triethylamine and octylsilane as the applied stationary phase. The method proved selective, even in the presence of chlorhexidine and thymol degradation products. For chlorhexidine, the method was linear from 4.8 to 19.2 µg/mL, and for thymol from 8.0 to 32.0 µg/mL. Accuracy was close to 100%, and the precision assessment yielded coefficient variation values of
doi_str_mv 10.1080/10826076.2023.2227792
format article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2840081486</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2840081486</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c338t-284d76ce0bd16e650bafd257d84b5a763e77461c3eee7f63333f7de14c08bbee3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kMtOxCAUhhujiePlEUxIXHcE2kLdOU68JZPoQhN3hJaDRVuYARpnXsGnlnF0K4sDOfnPd8KXZWcETwmu8UUqlGHOphTTYkop5fyS7mUTUlGcV5y-7qd3yuTb0GF2FMI7xoRXtJpkXzN0_7SYowFi5xTSzqNghrGP0oIbA1qN0kajTSujcRY5jdqud76DtVHGApJWodhtBtejMRj7hq7dOr-Gzn6ARQqCebM_UO-aMUQLIWwZsYO_jTKE1BzAxpPsQMs-wOnvfZy93N48z-_zxePdw3y2yNuiqGNO61Jx1gJuFGHAKtxIrWjFVV02leSsAM5LRtoCALhmRTqaKyBli-umASiOs_Mdd-ndaoQQxbsbvU0rRWJjXJOyZilV7VKtdyF40GLpzSD9RhAsttrFn3ax1S5-tae5q92csenfg_x0vlciyk2ypr20rQmi-B_xDVojjGg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2840081486</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>A HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of chlorhexidine and thymol using Box-Behnken design for robustness of the method assessment</title><source>Taylor and Francis Science and Technology Collection</source><creator>Muniz, Vanessa Morais ; Chaves Júnior, José Venâncio ; Aragão, Cícero Flávio Soares ; Souza, Fábio Santos de ; Sampaio, Fábio Correia</creator><creatorcontrib>Muniz, Vanessa Morais ; Chaves Júnior, José Venâncio ; Aragão, Cícero Flávio Soares ; Souza, Fábio Santos de ; Sampaio, Fábio Correia</creatorcontrib><description>The antimicrobial chlorhexidine is considered the gold standard in dentistry. Thymol is a phenol found in the essential oils of various plant species and also stands out for its antimicrobial potential. Synergistic effects can be promoted by applying these two active pharmaceutical ingredients together in technological products, for example in controlled release microparticles. The objective of this work was to develop and validate an analytical methodology applying a Box-Behnken experimental design and using High Performance Liquid Chromatography capable of quantifying chlorhexidine and thymol simultaneously in a matrix including pharmaceutical excipients. After optimization, the mobile phase consisted of methanol and 0.03 M monobasic sodium phosphate buffer (60:40), with 0.4% triethylamine and octylsilane as the applied stationary phase. The method proved selective, even in the presence of chlorhexidine and thymol degradation products. For chlorhexidine, the method was linear from 4.8 to 19.2 µg/mL, and for thymol from 8.0 to 32.0 µg/mL. Accuracy was close to 100%, and the precision assessment yielded coefficient variation values of &lt;5%. Being based on the Box-Behnken design, the method was robust and therefore validated for assisting in quality control processes involving these active pharmaceutical ingredients.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1082-6076</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-572X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2023.2227792</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Abingdon: Taylor &amp; Francis</publisher><subject>Active control ; Antiinfectives and antibacterials ; Box-Behnken ; Chlorhexidine ; Coefficient of variation ; Controlled release ; Degradation products ; Dentistry ; Design of experiments ; Essential oils ; Experimental design ; High performance liquid chromatography ; HPLC ; Ingredients ; Ions ; Liquid chromatography ; Mathematical analysis ; Microparticles ; Optimization ; Pharmaceuticals ; Phenols ; Plant species ; Quality control ; Sodium phosphate ; Stationary phase ; Synergistic effect ; Thymol ; Triethylamine ; validation</subject><ispartof>Journal of liquid chromatography &amp; related technologies, 2023-09, Vol.46 (6-10), p.168-179</ispartof><rights>2023 Taylor &amp; Francis Group, LLC 2023</rights><rights>2023 Taylor &amp; Francis Group, LLC</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c338t-284d76ce0bd16e650bafd257d84b5a763e77461c3eee7f63333f7de14c08bbee3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c338t-284d76ce0bd16e650bafd257d84b5a763e77461c3eee7f63333f7de14c08bbee3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2870-5742 ; 0000-0002-5086-2923</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27922,27923</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Muniz, Vanessa Morais</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chaves Júnior, José Venâncio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aragão, Cícero Flávio Soares</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Souza, Fábio Santos de</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sampaio, Fábio Correia</creatorcontrib><title>A HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of chlorhexidine and thymol using Box-Behnken design for robustness of the method assessment</title><title>Journal of liquid chromatography &amp; related technologies</title><description>The antimicrobial chlorhexidine is considered the gold standard in dentistry. Thymol is a phenol found in the essential oils of various plant species and also stands out for its antimicrobial potential. Synergistic effects can be promoted by applying these two active pharmaceutical ingredients together in technological products, for example in controlled release microparticles. The objective of this work was to develop and validate an analytical methodology applying a Box-Behnken experimental design and using High Performance Liquid Chromatography capable of quantifying chlorhexidine and thymol simultaneously in a matrix including pharmaceutical excipients. After optimization, the mobile phase consisted of methanol and 0.03 M monobasic sodium phosphate buffer (60:40), with 0.4% triethylamine and octylsilane as the applied stationary phase. The method proved selective, even in the presence of chlorhexidine and thymol degradation products. For chlorhexidine, the method was linear from 4.8 to 19.2 µg/mL, and for thymol from 8.0 to 32.0 µg/mL. Accuracy was close to 100%, and the precision assessment yielded coefficient variation values of &lt;5%. Being based on the Box-Behnken design, the method was robust and therefore validated for assisting in quality control processes involving these active pharmaceutical ingredients.</description><subject>Active control</subject><subject>Antiinfectives and antibacterials</subject><subject>Box-Behnken</subject><subject>Chlorhexidine</subject><subject>Coefficient of variation</subject><subject>Controlled release</subject><subject>Degradation products</subject><subject>Dentistry</subject><subject>Design of experiments</subject><subject>Essential oils</subject><subject>Experimental design</subject><subject>High performance liquid chromatography</subject><subject>HPLC</subject><subject>Ingredients</subject><subject>Ions</subject><subject>Liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Mathematical analysis</subject><subject>Microparticles</subject><subject>Optimization</subject><subject>Pharmaceuticals</subject><subject>Phenols</subject><subject>Plant species</subject><subject>Quality control</subject><subject>Sodium phosphate</subject><subject>Stationary phase</subject><subject>Synergistic effect</subject><subject>Thymol</subject><subject>Triethylamine</subject><subject>validation</subject><issn>1082-6076</issn><issn>1520-572X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kMtOxCAUhhujiePlEUxIXHcE2kLdOU68JZPoQhN3hJaDRVuYARpnXsGnlnF0K4sDOfnPd8KXZWcETwmu8UUqlGHOphTTYkop5fyS7mUTUlGcV5y-7qd3yuTb0GF2FMI7xoRXtJpkXzN0_7SYowFi5xTSzqNghrGP0oIbA1qN0kajTSujcRY5jdqud76DtVHGApJWodhtBtejMRj7hq7dOr-Gzn6ARQqCebM_UO-aMUQLIWwZsYO_jTKE1BzAxpPsQMs-wOnvfZy93N48z-_zxePdw3y2yNuiqGNO61Jx1gJuFGHAKtxIrWjFVV02leSsAM5LRtoCALhmRTqaKyBli-umASiOs_Mdd-ndaoQQxbsbvU0rRWJjXJOyZilV7VKtdyF40GLpzSD9RhAsttrFn3ax1S5-tae5q92csenfg_x0vlciyk2ypr20rQmi-B_xDVojjGg</recordid><startdate>20230915</startdate><enddate>20230915</enddate><creator>Muniz, Vanessa Morais</creator><creator>Chaves Júnior, José Venâncio</creator><creator>Aragão, Cícero Flávio Soares</creator><creator>Souza, Fábio Santos de</creator><creator>Sampaio, Fábio Correia</creator><general>Taylor &amp; Francis</general><general>Taylor &amp; Francis Ltd</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>P64</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2870-5742</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5086-2923</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230915</creationdate><title>A HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of chlorhexidine and thymol using Box-Behnken design for robustness of the method assessment</title><author>Muniz, Vanessa Morais ; Chaves Júnior, José Venâncio ; Aragão, Cícero Flávio Soares ; Souza, Fábio Santos de ; Sampaio, Fábio Correia</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c338t-284d76ce0bd16e650bafd257d84b5a763e77461c3eee7f63333f7de14c08bbee3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Active control</topic><topic>Antiinfectives and antibacterials</topic><topic>Box-Behnken</topic><topic>Chlorhexidine</topic><topic>Coefficient of variation</topic><topic>Controlled release</topic><topic>Degradation products</topic><topic>Dentistry</topic><topic>Design of experiments</topic><topic>Essential oils</topic><topic>Experimental design</topic><topic>High performance liquid chromatography</topic><topic>HPLC</topic><topic>Ingredients</topic><topic>Ions</topic><topic>Liquid chromatography</topic><topic>Mathematical analysis</topic><topic>Microparticles</topic><topic>Optimization</topic><topic>Pharmaceuticals</topic><topic>Phenols</topic><topic>Plant species</topic><topic>Quality control</topic><topic>Sodium phosphate</topic><topic>Stationary phase</topic><topic>Synergistic effect</topic><topic>Thymol</topic><topic>Triethylamine</topic><topic>validation</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Muniz, Vanessa Morais</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chaves Júnior, José Venâncio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aragão, Cícero Flávio Soares</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Souza, Fábio Santos de</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sampaio, Fábio Correia</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Mechanical &amp; Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Copper Technical Reference Library</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Journal of liquid chromatography &amp; related technologies</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Muniz, Vanessa Morais</au><au>Chaves Júnior, José Venâncio</au><au>Aragão, Cícero Flávio Soares</au><au>Souza, Fábio Santos de</au><au>Sampaio, Fábio Correia</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of chlorhexidine and thymol using Box-Behnken design for robustness of the method assessment</atitle><jtitle>Journal of liquid chromatography &amp; related technologies</jtitle><date>2023-09-15</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>46</volume><issue>6-10</issue><spage>168</spage><epage>179</epage><pages>168-179</pages><issn>1082-6076</issn><eissn>1520-572X</eissn><abstract>The antimicrobial chlorhexidine is considered the gold standard in dentistry. Thymol is a phenol found in the essential oils of various plant species and also stands out for its antimicrobial potential. Synergistic effects can be promoted by applying these two active pharmaceutical ingredients together in technological products, for example in controlled release microparticles. The objective of this work was to develop and validate an analytical methodology applying a Box-Behnken experimental design and using High Performance Liquid Chromatography capable of quantifying chlorhexidine and thymol simultaneously in a matrix including pharmaceutical excipients. After optimization, the mobile phase consisted of methanol and 0.03 M monobasic sodium phosphate buffer (60:40), with 0.4% triethylamine and octylsilane as the applied stationary phase. The method proved selective, even in the presence of chlorhexidine and thymol degradation products. For chlorhexidine, the method was linear from 4.8 to 19.2 µg/mL, and for thymol from 8.0 to 32.0 µg/mL. Accuracy was close to 100%, and the precision assessment yielded coefficient variation values of &lt;5%. Being based on the Box-Behnken design, the method was robust and therefore validated for assisting in quality control processes involving these active pharmaceutical ingredients.</abstract><cop>Abingdon</cop><pub>Taylor &amp; Francis</pub><doi>10.1080/10826076.2023.2227792</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2870-5742</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5086-2923</orcidid></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 1082-6076
ispartof Journal of liquid chromatography & related technologies, 2023-09, Vol.46 (6-10), p.168-179
issn 1082-6076
1520-572X
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_journals_2840081486
source Taylor and Francis Science and Technology Collection
subjects Active control
Antiinfectives and antibacterials
Box-Behnken
Chlorhexidine
Coefficient of variation
Controlled release
Degradation products
Dentistry
Design of experiments
Essential oils
Experimental design
High performance liquid chromatography
HPLC
Ingredients
Ions
Liquid chromatography
Mathematical analysis
Microparticles
Optimization
Pharmaceuticals
Phenols
Plant species
Quality control
Sodium phosphate
Stationary phase
Synergistic effect
Thymol
Triethylamine
validation
title A HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of chlorhexidine and thymol using Box-Behnken design for robustness of the method assessment
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-14T14%3A03%3A32IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A%20HPLC%20method%20for%20simultaneous%20quantification%20of%20chlorhexidine%20and%20thymol%20using%20Box-Behnken%20design%20for%20robustness%20of%20the%20method%20assessment&rft.jtitle=Journal%20of%20liquid%20chromatography%20&%20related%20technologies&rft.au=Muniz,%20Vanessa%20Morais&rft.date=2023-09-15&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=6-10&rft.spage=168&rft.epage=179&rft.pages=168-179&rft.issn=1082-6076&rft.eissn=1520-572X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080/10826076.2023.2227792&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2840081486%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c338t-284d76ce0bd16e650bafd257d84b5a763e77461c3eee7f63333f7de14c08bbee3%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2840081486&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true