Carotenoids in Cereals and Related Foodstuffs: A Review of Extraction and Analysis Methods

Carotenoids represent the primary pigments in cereal and have potent antioxidant properties. Unfortunately, carotenoids are exceedingly sensitive to heat, oxygen, light, acid, transition metal, and oxidative enzyme exposure. Since some procedures contaminate the target compounds (carotenoids) with e...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Food reviews international 2023-08, Vol.39 (7), p.4513-4528
Main Authors: Zhao, Xin, Liang, Kehong, Zhu, Hong
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analytical methods
Carotenoids
cereal grains
Cereals
Collating
Colorimetry
composition analysis
Grain
High performance liquid chromatography
Infrared spectroscopy
liquid charomatography
Liquid chromatography
Mathematical analysis
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Pigments
Raman spectroscopy
Reviews
Solvents
Transition metals
Vegetable oils
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Summary:Carotenoids represent the primary pigments in cereal and have potent antioxidant properties. Unfortunately, carotenoids are exceedingly sensitive to heat, oxygen, light, acid, transition metal, and oxidative enzyme exposure. Since some procedures contaminate the target compounds (carotenoids) with extraction solvents, factors such as light avoidance, proper extraction solvents, and analytical instruments should be considered when analyzing the carotenoids in grains. Recent progress regarding analytical instruments broadened the scope of carotenoid studies. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), HPLC-NMR, and HPLC-MS realized the accurate quantitative analysis of carotenoids, using Raman spectroscopy, IR, and reflectance colorimetry for efficient and rapid carotenoids detection. This review includes the current analytical methodologies, instruments, and techniques used for analyzing carotenoids in food, especially in grains. Furthermore, the human health significance of carotenoids, as well as the carotenoid content and distribution in grains, are addressed. Since various analytical methods and extraction techniques are available for identifying carotenoids, this review aims at collating valuable information regarding the current methodologies.
ISSN:8755-9129
1525-6103
DOI:10.1080/87559129.2022.2027438