Wavelike Oscillations in High Latitude Thermospheric Doppler Temperature and Line‐Of‐Sight Wind Observed Using All‐Sky Imaging Fabry‐Perot Spectrometers

• Published in: Journal of geophysical research. Space physics 2023-09, Vol.128 (9), p.n/a
• Main Authors: Itani, R., Conde, M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Amplitudes; Fabry‐Perot interferometer; Geomagnetic activity; Geomagnetism; Gravity waves; line of sight winds; Oscillations; Perturbation; Phase relationships; Polar environments; Polar regions; Signatures; Spectrometers; Surface waves; Temperature; Temperature data; Temperature measurement; Temperature oscillations; Thermosphere; thermospheric temperature; thermospheric winds; Traveling waves; Trigonometric functions; upper atmosphere; Visual perception; Wind; Wind oscillations; Zenith
• ISSN: 2169-9380; 2169-9402
• DOI: 10.1029/2022JA031069

Multiple years of thermospheric wind and temperature data were examined to study gravity waves in Earth's thermosphere. Winds and temperatures were measured using all‐sky imaging optical Doppler spectrometers deployed at two sites in Alaska, and three in Antarctica. For all sites, oscillatory perturbations were clearly present in high‐pass temporally filtered F‐region line‐of‐sight (LOS) winds for the majority of the clear‐sky nights. Oscillations were also discernible in E‐region LOS wind and F‐region Doppler temperature, albeit less frequently. Oscillation amplitudes correlated strongly with auroral and geomagnetic activity. Observed wave signatures also correlated strongly between geographically nearby observing sites. Amplitudes of LOS wind oscillations were usually small when viewed in the zenith and increased approximately with the sine of the zenith angle—as expected if the underlying motion is predominantly horizontal. Scanning Doppler Imager instruments observe in many look directions simultaneously. Phase relationships between perturbations observed in different look directions were used to identify time intervals when the oscillations were likely to be due to traveling waves. However, a number of instances were noted in which the oscillations had characteristics suggesting geophysical mechanisms other than traveling waves—a recognition that was only possible because of the large number of look directions. Lomb‐Scargle analysis was used on a representative subset of days to resolve the spectral distributions of the wind and temperature oscillations. F‐region wind oscillations on days analyzed this way exhibited periods typically ranging from 60 min and above. By contrast, E‐region wind oscillation periods were as short as 30 min. Plain Language Summary Atmospheric neutral wind and temperature measurements from polar regions were analyzed from two different altitudes—∼120 and ∼240 km. Wavelike oscillations were a nearly ubiquitous feature of winds observed at 240 km altitude. Similar oscillations were also detected in temperatures at 240 km and in winds at 120 km, although these later oscillations were weaker than those of the upper region winds. These oscillations, if visualized, would appear as a complicated wave field manifesting various sizes and propagation directions, in a manner somewhat analogous to surface waves on the ocean. Amplitudes of these oscillations responded strongly to geomagnetic activity, with large waves occurring after the