Production and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Pomegranate Peel for Pharmaceutical Waste (Paracetamol) Removal: Response Surface Methodology Application

In this study, the goal was to utilize activated carbon (designated as PPAC) derived from pomegranate peel (PP) for the removal of paracetamol (PCM). The distinctive structure of PPAC activated with KOH at 800 C was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Fourier tran...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water, air, and soil pollution air, and soil pollution, 2023-10, Vol.234 (10), p.645, Article 645
Main Authors: Solmaz, Alper, Sari, Zeynel Abidin, Karta, Mesut, Turna, Talip, Yücel, Ayşegül, Depci, Tolga
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetaminophen
Activated carbon
Analgesics
Analytical methods
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts
Diffraction
Earth and Environmental Science
Electron microscopes
Environment
Environmental monitoring
Fourier transforms
Hydrogeology
Infrared spectroscopy
Isotherms
Mathematical models
Medical wastes
Methods
Paracetamol
Parameters
Pharmaceutical industry wastes
Removal
Response surface methodology
Scanning electron microscopy
Soil Science & Conservation
Water Quality/Water Pollution
X-ray diffraction
X-rays
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Summary:In this study, the goal was to utilize activated carbon (designated as PPAC) derived from pomegranate peel (PP) for the removal of paracetamol (PCM). The distinctive structure of PPAC activated with KOH at 800 C was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), revealing a surface area of 692.07 m 2 /g and a pore diameter of 0.429 cm 3 /g. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the relationship between input parameters such as PCM concentration, PPAC amount, time, pH and temperature parameters and the resulting PCM concentration output. Eight kinetic models and seven isotherm models were examined and compared. As a result, a PCM removal capacity of 214 mg/g was attained, with the most fitting kinetic model being Pseudo Second-Order ( R 2 : 0.997) and the most suitable isotherm model being Redlich–Peterson ( R 2 : 0.999). According to the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) results, the most effective parameters are time, PPAC amount, initial PCM concentration and pH, respectively. This investigation provides substantial evidence for the viability of utilizing PPAC as an economical and efficient adsorbent in PCM removal processes. Graphical Abstract
ISSN:0049-6979
1573-2932
DOI:10.1007/s11270-023-06641-w