Tunable electromagnetically induced transparency metamaterial utilizing bright-dark mode coupling between electric and toroidal resonances

We investigated an electromagnetically induced transparency metamaterial and provided a comprehensive demonstration of its tunable electromagnetic characteristics in the terahertz region. Within a unit cell, a pair of horizontally aligned metal wires induces electric resonance, functioning as bright...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Optical and quantum electronics 2024, Vol.56 (1), Article 43
Main Authors: Shu, Chang, Mei, Jinshuo, Sun, Hongyi, Chen, Liying, Sun, Yan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Computer Communication Networks
Coupled modes
Coupling
Damping
Electrical Engineering
Electromagnetic properties
Frequency ranges
Hybrid structures
Lasers
Metamaterials
Optical Devices
Optics
Photonics
Physics
Physics and Astronomy
Resonance
Resonance scattering
Resonant frequencies
Resonators
Unit cell
Vanadium dioxide
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Summary:We investigated an electromagnetically induced transparency metamaterial and provided a comprehensive demonstration of its tunable electromagnetic characteristics in the terahertz region. Within a unit cell, a pair of horizontally aligned metal wires induces electric resonance, functioning as bright mode resonators. Additionally, a hybrid structure composed of metal and vanadium dioxide is employed to generate toroidal resonance, serving as dark mode resonators. Analysis of the scattered power reveals an enhancement of the energy associated with toroidal resonance within the transparent window. Simulation results illustrate a gradual reduction in the coupling strength of the electromagnetically induced transparency effect, and the transparency peak shifts toward the lower frequency range with decreasing conductivity of vanadium dioxide. Ultimately, the electromagnetically induced transparency phenomenon dissipates, resulting in a transmission spectrum characterized by a resonance curve. Theoretical analysis based on a two-coupled oscillator model unveils that the tunable effect of the electromagnetically induced transparency metamaterial is attributed to the modulation of damping rate and intrinsic resonant frequency of the dark mode resonator, achieved through adjustments in the conductivity of vanadium dioxide. This proposed approach holds promise for enhancing electromagnetically induced transparency implementations and expanding the application domains of toroidal metamaterials.
ISSN:0306-8919
1572-817X
DOI:10.1007/s11082-023-05647-2