Biohydrogen From Waste Feedstocks – Materials, Methods and Recent Developments

Hydrogen synthesis from waste materials needs to be cost effective and environment friendly. Thermal and steam reforming processes need gas conditioning and also release carbon dioxide. Biological pathways for hydrogen synthesis are gaining importance due to their mild operating conditions (temperat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:BioNanoScience 2023-12, Vol.13 (4), p.1501-1516
Main Authors: Kulkarni, Sunil J., Suryawanshi, Mahesh A., Mane, Vijay B., Kumbhar, Gajanan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Activated sludge
Algae
Aquatic microorganisms
Biofuels
Biogas
Biological and Medical Physics
Biomass
Biomaterials
Biophysics
Capital costs
Carbohydrates
Carbon dioxide
Chlorophyll
Circuits and Systems
Electrolysis
Engineering
Genetic engineering
Hydrogen
Microorganisms
Moisture content
Nanomaterials
Nanotechnology
Raw materials
Reforming
Synthesis
Water content
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Summary:Hydrogen synthesis from waste materials needs to be cost effective and environment friendly. Thermal and steam reforming processes need gas conditioning and also release carbon dioxide. Biological pathways for hydrogen synthesis are gaining importance due to their mild operating conditions (temperature and pressure). Methods namely dark and photo fermentations photocatalysis, and electrolysis (microbial) are employed for biohydrogen synthesis. Various low cost materials like kitchen waste, activated waste sludge, municipal waste, and waste from various industries can be used as feedstocks. Investigations for biohydrogen are aimed at optimizing operating conditions, microorganism selection, mode of operation, and pre-treatment of raw material. Microalgae contain chlorophyll and have high efficiency for photosynthetic activity. They are capable of synthesizing and accumulating large quantities of biomass. They are used for hydrogen synthesis through photofermentation. Also, they are used as a feedstock for synthesis of biofuel and biogas. Microalgal biomass as feedstock for biohydrogen synthesis has advantages such as high growth rate, excellent carbon dioxide capacity, less water requirement, high carbohydrate contain, and easy cultivation. Disadvantages include low biomass concentration, high water content, and high capital cost. Recent investigations indicate that enzyme stability and hydrolytic efficiency can be increased by using genetic engineering, electric biohydrogenation, and nanomaterials.
ISSN:2191-1630
2191-1649
DOI:10.1007/s12668-023-01206-x