Dynamic Blockage in Indoor Reflection-Aided Sub-Terahertz Wireless Communications

• Published in: IEEE access 2023, Vol.11, p.134677-134689
• Main Authors: Shurakov, Alexander, Rozhkova, Polina, Khakimov, Abdukodir, Mokrov, Evgeny, Prikhodko, Anatoliy, Begishev, Vyacheslav, Koucheryavy, Yevgeni, Komarov, Mikhail, Gol'tsman, Gregory
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 6G mobile communication; Aeration; Antennas; Attenuation; Beams (radiation); Carrier frequencies; Directivity; Drywall; dynamic blockage; Frequency measurement; Glass; indoor; Indoor environments; Line of sight; Loss measurement; Measuring instruments; permittivity; Permittivity measurement; Radio attenuation; Radio signals; Recovery; Reflection; Sidelobes; sub-terahertz; Terahertz communications; Terahertz frequencies; Wireless communications
• ISSN: 2169-3536; 2169-3536
• DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3337050

The sixth-generation cellular systems are expected to utilize the text sub-terahertz frequency band covering 100-300-GHz. Due to high path losses, the coverage of such systems will be limited to a few tens of meters making them suitable for indoor environments. As compared to outdoor deployments, indoor usage of text sub-terahertz systems is characterized by the need to operate over shorter distances using both line-of-sight (LoS) and text in-reflection propagation paths. This potentially results not only in the attenuation of radio signal, but in the appearance of diffraction signatures in its text time-related metrics too. We conduct a detailed measurement campaign at the carrier frequency of 156 GHz and report on the dynamics of the reflection and blockage losses as well as signal fall, blockage, and recovery times over various in-reflection paths. We also develop reflection model and use it to extract the complex permittivities of glass, drywall and aerated concrete from their measured reflection spectra. The extracted permittivities of 7.23+0.22i , 2.63+0.026i , 1.9+0.017i are consistent with the text material-dependent reflection losses, which are as high as 16 dB for transverse electric (TE)-polarized and 39 dB for transverse magnetic (TM)-polarized signals. Moreover, the asymmetry in the side lobe levels of the transmitting and receiving antenna beams results in the additional losses ranging from 16 to 49 dB as measured for 3.55-4.3-m long text non-specular paths with the angles of departure and reception within 30-70^{\circ } . The blockage losses, in turn, are in the range of 6-17 dB. We observe that the presence of a text re-directing material does not affect their mean value. However, the acquired blockage duration, signal fall and recovery times are noticeably smaller than in the LoS channels with the same directivity. This implies that the text time-budget for blockage detection is much smaller: it reduces to just 20-40 ms as compared to 80-100 ms intrinsic to the LoS propagation paths.