Ru-doped nano grain hydrophilic copper hydroxide electrodes for supercapacitor application

• Published in: Journal of materials science. Materials in electronics 2023-12, Vol.34 (36), p.2309, Article 2309
• Main Authors: Ghadage, T. S., Kambale, S. V., Fugare, B. Y., Ambare, R. C., Lokhande, B. J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anodizing baths; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials; Chemistry and Materials Science; Copper; Crystal structure; Deposition; Diffusion coefficient; Doping; Electrochemical analysis; Electrodes; Electrolytes; Electron microscopes; Ethanol; Hydroxides; Materials Science; Metal plates; Optical and Electronic Materials; Ruthenium trichloride; Sodium hydroxide; Thin films
• ISSN: 0957-4522; 1573-482X
• DOI: 10.1007/s10854-023-11708-9

Metal self-anodization for the generation of hydroxides represents a versatile innovation. In the preparation of Ru-doped copper hydroxide thin films, copper plates were subjected to self-anodization in a 1 M ethanolic NaOH bath, maintaining a constant deposition potential of 0.8 V. The resulting thin films of Cu(OH) 2 were then used directly for the doping of Ru, employing a cathodization technique. This cathodization process was conducted separately using RuCl 3 electrolytes prepared in methanol, ethanol, and propanol. Furthermore, to assess the impact of different doping deposition potentials ranging from 0.7 to 0.9 V on the structural and electrochemical properties of the Ru-doped Cu(OH) 2 material, optimized electrodes were prepared. The phase and crystal structure of the deposited material were confirmed through XRD analysis. Scanning electron microscope images revealed a spongy, granular, and rough surface, a characteristic further confirmed by atomic force microscopy analysis. Transmission electron microscope images displayed the formation of nano granules. To evaluate the electrochemical performance of the samples, cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronopotentiometry (CP) tests, and impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were conducted in a 1 M NaOH solution. Notably, the optimized sample exhibited a maximum specific capacitance (SC) of 4133.3 F/g, with a measured diffusion coefficient of 2.21 × 10 −16 cm 2 /s.