Flow cytometric assessment of the effects of chlorine, chloramine, and UV on bacteria by using nucleic acid stains and 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyltetrazolium chloride

Flow cytometry （FCM） has been widely used in multi-parametric assessment of cells in various research fields, especially in environmental sciences. This study detected the metabolic activity of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by using an FCM method based on 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyltetrazolium...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers of environmental science & engineering 2016-12, Vol.10 (6), p.83-91, Article 12
Main Authors: Nie, Xuebiao, Liu, Wenjun, Chen, Mo, Liu, Minmin, Ao, Lu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacteria
Chlorides
Chlorine
CTC
Damage detection
Disinfection
E coli
Earth and Environmental Science
Environment
Environmental science
Escherichia coli
Flow cytometry
Irradiation
Low pressure
Membrane permeability
Membranes
Metabolism
Nucleic acids
Research Article
Staphylococcusaureus
SYTO 9
Ultraviolet radiation
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Summary:Flow cytometry （FCM） has been widely used in multi-parametric assessment of cells in various research fields, especially in environmental sciences. This study detected the metabolic activity of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by using an FCM method based on 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyltetrazolium chloride （CTC）; the accuracy of this method was enhanced by adding SYTO 9 and 10% R2A broth. The disinfection effects of chlorine, chloramine, and UV were subsequently evaluated by FCM methods. Chlorine demonstrated stronger and faster destructive effects on cytomembrane than chloramine, and nucleic acids decomposed afterwards. The metabolic activity of the bacteria persisted after the cytomembmnewas damaged as detected using CTC. Low-pressure （LP） UV or medium-oressure （MP） UV treatments exerted no significant effects on membrane permeability. The metabolic activityof the bacteria decreased with increasing UV dosage, and MP-UV was a stronger inhibitor of metabolic activity than LP-UV. Furthermore, the membrane of Gram-positive S. aureus was more resistant to chlorine/chloramine than that of Gram-negative E. coil In addition, S. aureus showed higher resistance to UV irradiation than E. coli.
ISSN:2095-2201
2095-221X
DOI:10.1007/s11783-016-0884-4