Risk Factors Control After an Acute Coronary Syndrome and Association with Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events: A Single Center Experience in Latin-America

• Published in: High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention 2023-03, Vol.30 (2), p.183-189
• Main Authors: Ruiz-Beltran, Arturo M, Alcaraz-Guzman, Alejandro, Campos-Franco, Diego R, Jimenez-Lopez, Cristian D, Ruiz-Beltran, Sandra M, Delgadillo-Rodriguez, Hilda E
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acute coronary syndromes; Angina pectoris; Antihypertensives; Blood pressure; Body mass index; Cardiovascular disease; Cholesterol; Diabetes; Heart attacks; Hemoglobin; High density lipoprotein; Hospitalization; Hypertension; Lipoproteins; Metabolic disorders; Overweight; Prevention; Risk factors; Standard deviation; Weight control
• ISSN: 1120-9879; 1179-1985
• DOI: 10.1007/s40292-023-00560-x

IntroductionAn important challenge in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases is the optimization of risk factors (RFs) after hospital discharge. These have been shown to be insufficiently controlled in clinical practice.AimTo evaluate whether secondary prevention goals were met at our institution at 12 months after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) index event, as well as analyzing if achieving these goals was associated with a lower incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).MethodsRetrospective cohort of patients with a former diagnosis of ACS over a period of 4 years. To evaluate the proportion of patients who met RF control goals at 12 months after the index event, we used two sets of preestablished goals: stringent and lenient. During follow-up we evaluated the occurrence of MACE, defined by the following: ACS, coronary revascularization, stroke, hospitalization because of acute heart failure and cardiovascular death.ResultsWe included 468 patients during the study period. The mean age of the patients was 60 ± 10.76 years, 20.5% were women, and mean follow-up was 41.8 ± 22.0 months. The proportion of patients that met all secondary prevention stringent and lenient goals accounted for 5.5% and 17.2%, respectively, and 8% did not achieve any target. Overall, 9.6% presented the composite of MACE during follow-up. The number of RFs in control at 12 months was associated with a lower rate of MACE, both with stringent and lenient goals.ConclusionAchieving established goals for modifiable RFs can lower the incidence of MACE during long-term follow-up.