300 years of sclerosponge thermometry shows global warming has exceeded 1.5 °C

Anthropogenic emissions drive global-scale warming yet the temperature increase relative to pre-industrial levels is uncertain. Using 300 years of ocean mixed-layer temperature records preserved in sclerosponge carbonate skeletons, we demonstrate that industrial-era warming began in the mid-1860s, m...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nature climate change 2024-02, Vol.14 (2), p.171-177
Main Authors: McCulloch, Malcolm T., Winter, Amos, Sherman, Clark E., Trotter, Julie A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
704/106/413
704/106/694/2739
Air temperature
Anthropogenic factors
Carbonates
Climate action
Climate Change
Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts
Earth and Environmental Science
Environment
Environmental Law/Policy/Ecojustice
Estimates
Global temperatures
Global warming
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Ocean mixed layer
Oceans
Records
Sea surface
Sea surface temperature
Surface temperature
Temperature
Temperature changes
Temperature rise
Thermometry
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Summary:Anthropogenic emissions drive global-scale warming yet the temperature increase relative to pre-industrial levels is uncertain. Using 300 years of ocean mixed-layer temperature records preserved in sclerosponge carbonate skeletons, we demonstrate that industrial-era warming began in the mid-1860s, more than 80 years earlier than instrumental sea surface temperature records. The Sr/Ca palaeothermometer was calibrated against ‘modern’ (post-1963) highly correlated ( R 2  = 0.91) instrumental records of global sea surface temperatures, with the pre-industrial defined by nearly constant (
ISSN:1758-678X
1758-6798
DOI:10.1038/s41558-023-01919-7