Nonwoven materials based on natural and artificial fibers

• Published in: Cellulose (London) 2024-02, Vol.31 (3), p.1927-1940
• Main Authors: Makarov, Igor S., Smyslov, Alexander G., Palchikova, Ekaterina E., Vinogradov, Markel I., Shandryuk, Georgiy A., Levin, Ivan S., Arkharova, Natalia A., Kulichikhin, Valery G.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bioorganic Chemistry; Carbon; Ceramics; Chemical composition; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Composites; Fibers; Flax; Glass; Hemp; Infrared spectroscopy; Mechanical properties; Natural Materials; Organic Chemistry; Original Research; Physical Chemistry; Polymer Sciences; Pyrolysis; Sustainable Development; Thermodynamic properties
• ISSN: 0969-0239; 1572-882X
• DOI: 10.1007/s10570-023-05719-2

A method for obtaining nonwoven precursors of carbon materials based on natural and viscose fibers was developed. Bast (flax and hemp) fibers were used as sources of natural fibers which were previously processed in order to remove impurities and enrich with the alpha fraction of cellulose. The structure, morphology, and chemical composition of natural and viscose fibers were studied by X-ray, SEM, and IR spectroscopy. The mechanical characteristics of the fibers were determined. The results of studies of the thermal behavior of mixed materials based on viscose, flax, and hemp fibers at temperatures up to 1000 °C were presented. The introduction of a small fraction of natural fibers into viscose (up to 30%) leads to a sharp decrease in the carbon yield. But the further increasing of the proportion of the natural fibers increases the carbon yield that means that depending on proportion of artificial and natural fibers the later could play a role of either promoter or inhibitor of pyrolysis process. The obtained dependence of the carbon residue on the composition of the neat fibers was used to identify optimal formulations for nonwovens. Graphical abstract