A Protection Strategy for High‐yield Synthesis of Dimethyl Furan‐2,5‐dicarboxylate from 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Using Methanol as an Acetalizing Agent

• Published in: ChemCatChem 2024-02, Vol.16 (4), p.n/a
• Main Authors: Sheet, Nirupama, Osuga, Ryota, Arai, Nao, Wiesfeld, Jan J., Suganuma, Satoshi, Aoshima, Takayuki, Fukuoka, Atsushi, Hensen, Emiel J. M., Nakajima, Kiyotaka
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural; biobased monomers; Cerium oxides; Dimethyl acetals; Esterification; Hydroxymethylfurfural; Methanol; Monomers; oxidative esterification; Polyester resins; protecting agent
• ISSN: 1867-3880; 1867-3899
• DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202301259

Developing efficient catalytic processes for obtaining biobased monomers for plastics can significantly contribute to a more sustainable economy. The biomass‐derived and chemical platform 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) can be converted to various key intermediates, which is often hampered by side reactions due to the reactive nature of the formyl group in HMF. Here, we present a stepwise approach involving a protecting agent to obtain dimethyl furan‐2,5‐dicarboxylate (MFDC), which is a monomer for polyalkylene furanoates, a new class of biobased polyesters. Methanol is used as a solvent, reactant, and protecting agent for HMF's formyl group. In the first step, the oxidative esterification of the hydroxymethyl group to methyl carboxylate in HMF‐dimethylacetal catalyzed by Au/CeO2 affords methyl 5‐formylfuran‐2‐carboxylate dimethylacetal (MFFC‐acetal) in high yields (>90 %) from concentrated methanolic solutions (~20 wt %). Without protecting agent, a mixture of methyl‐5‐hydroxymethylfuran‐2‐carboxylate (MHMFC), MFDC, and humin byproduct was obtained. The deprotection of MFFC‐acetal in the second step proceeded efficiently in acetone with Amberlyst‐15, affording MFFC in a >90 % yield. In the final step, oxidative esterification of MFFC in methanol (10 wt %) afforded MFDC in a 93 % yield using Au/CeO2. The acetal protection strategy with methanol offers an efficient route toward MFDC in two oxidative esterification steps. An efficient catalytic process with high productivity (85 % overall yield) is achieved by protecting the reactive formyl group of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) with methanol (HMF‐acetal) for the stepwise synthesis of dimethyl furan‐2,5‐dicarboxylate (MFDC) under mild reaction conditions. The developed process reduces the amount of base significantly and expand the scope of acetal functionality towards biobased polyester production.