Assessment of Tracks of Resonance Frequencies of the Vocal Tract

• Published in: Acoustical physics 2023-12, Vol.69 (6), p.871-883
• Main Authors: Leonov, A. S., Sorokin, V. N.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acoustic Signals Processing. Computer Simulation; Acoustics; Fourier transforms; Noise levels; Parameters; Physics; Physics and Astronomy; Resonance; Signal to noise ratio; Speech; Vocal tract
• ISSN: 1063-7710; 1562-6865
• DOI: 10.1134/S1063771023601140

A new method for estimating formant frequency tracks of the vocal tract for arbitrary speech segments is proposed. The method uses the ratio of two Fourier transforms of a speech signal with special exponential-type windows depending on some parameter. This ratio is used for specific points in time and is considered as a function of frequency and parameter. By analyzing, for several parameter values, the distribution of minimum points (in terms of frequency) for the phase of this ratio and/or a similar distribution of extreme points for its amplitude, it is possible to estimate formant frequencies from the peaks of these distributions. A mathematical study is presented that substantiates this approach. A series of numerical experiments were carried out on the processing of synthetic and real speech signals, which confirmed the performance capabilities of the proposed formant evaluation method. In particular, in experiments with synthesized vowels, it was found that the error in estimating their resonance frequencies is small and stable with respect to additive noise up to a signal-to-noise ratio of 5 dB. For real speech, the method makes it possible to calculate the formant frequency tracks for both sounds with vocal excitation and for voiceless fricatives, aspirated plosives, and whispered speech.