Experimental characterization of a cost‐competitive tailor‐made HPFRC mix design for wide application in precast girder of roadway bridges

• Published in: Structural concrete : journal of the FIB 2024-04, Vol.25 (2), p.935-955
• Main Authors: Ruiz, Rafael, Chozas‐Ligero, Valle, Todisco, Leonardo, Jimenez‐Vicaria, J. David, Corres, Hugo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bend strength; bridge design; Casting; Compressive strength; Design criteria; design‐by‐testing; Fiber reinforced concretes; Flexural strength; FRC; Girder bridges; HPFRC; Liquefaction; Modulus of rupture in bending; Panels; Reinforced concrete; Roads; Silica fume; Stitching; Structural members; Workability
• ISSN: 1464-4177; 1751-7648
• DOI: 10.1002/suco.202300550

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the development of a cost‐effective, high‐performance fiber reinforced concrete (HPFRC) for the construction of a 60 m‐span U‐girder roadway bridge without stirrups in the webs, meeting the design requirements of fck ≥ 100 MPa and the post‐cracking flexural strength fR3k ≈ 8–10 MPa. The main objective of this research is to develop a F5 workability class HPFRC that meets the specified design criteria without exceeding 2.5–3.0 times the cost of a C70/85. To achieve this goal, the concrete mix was obtained using 500 kg/m3 of cement and 50 kg/m3 of silica fume. This mix was investigated with nine different combinations of fibers and fiber contents, resulting that 80 kg/m3 of 4D‐fibers (lf = 60 mm) provided the optimal fR3k without compromising workability and cost. Subsequently, an extensive experimental campaign was conducted to cast the U‐girder following the conventional casting techniques involving casting prismatic samples, L‐shaped and rectangular‐shaped panels to represent different parts of the U‐girder. Innovative techniques were used to study the effect of different waiting times between concrete pours. Results from the testing of the prismatic specimens evidenced the need of stitching by means of a poker vibrator planes between successive concrete layers. Furthermore, the study of the panels evidenced that a waiting time of 90 min allows the HPFRC to achieve enough bending and compressive strength to bear internal vibration of the element without liquefying and, at the same time, avoiding cold joints. The results confirm the applicability of the developed HPFRC for the structural element under study following conventional casting techniques.