Novel Autonomous Control of Grid-Forming DGs to Realize 100% Renewable Energy Grids

The grid-forming distributed generators (GFM-DGs) have attracted much attention as a key technology for realizing 100% renewable energy grids. This paper presents a novel control strategy to ensure the reliable operation of a renewable energy source (RES)-based GFM-DG even during weather variations....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on smart grid 2024-05, Vol.15 (3), p.2866-2880
Main Authors: Park, Jae-Young, Chang, Jae-Won
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
100% renewable energy grids
Damping
Design parameters
Distributed generation
Electric power grids
Energy storage
Estimation
Generators
Grid-forming distributed generators
Meteorology
Power system stability
Renewable energy sources
Renewable resources
Small signal analysis
Stability analysis
Storage systems
variable renewable energy sources
Voltage control
Weather
Wind turbines
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Summary:The grid-forming distributed generators (GFM-DGs) have attracted much attention as a key technology for realizing 100% renewable energy grids. This paper presents a novel control strategy to ensure the reliable operation of a renewable energy source (RES)-based GFM-DG even during weather variations. The GFM-DG connects a RES to the grid via source- and grid-side converters, with the converters' common DC-link voltage V_{DC} indicating the power balance between the RES and the grid. We begin by identifying the limitation of conventional strategies in maintaining V_{DC} against severe weather. To address the limitation, we propose a coordinated strategy for both source- and grid-side converters to regulate V_{DC} cooperatively, ensuring GFM-DG stability even in adverse weather conditions while also achieving decentralized power sharing and contributions to frequency inertia and damping. The proposed strategy is applicable to photovoltaic- and wind turbine-based generators, as well as energy storage systems. A guideline for control parameter design and stability margin analysis for weather conditions are also provided. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is validated via small-signal analysis and simulation case studies under various conditions of 100% renewable energy grids, characterized by severe weather, load demand changes, actual line impedances, and a grid fault.
ISSN:1949-3053
1949-3061
DOI:10.1109/TSG.2023.3322608