Life Cycle Assessment Methodology Applied to a Wastewater Treatment Plant

Wastewater treatment plants are highly energy-intensive systems. This research uses Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to determine the impacts generated during the operation of a wastewater treatment plant. Three different scenarios are analyzed: a baseline scenario that considers a conventional activated...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water (Basel) 2024-04, Vol.16 (8), p.1177
Main Authors: Viotti, Paolo, Tatti, Fabio, Bongirolami, Simona, Romano, Roberto, Mancini, Giuseppe, Serini, Francesca, Azizi, Mona, Croce, Lavinia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acidification
Coal-fired power plants
Drinking water
Emissions
Energy consumption
Environmental impact
Eutrophication
Global warming
Hydrologic cycle
Industrial plant emissions
Inventory
Oxidation
Radiation
Sludge
Sustainable development
Water treatment
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Summary:Wastewater treatment plants are highly energy-intensive systems. This research uses Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to determine the impacts generated during the operation of a wastewater treatment plant. Three different scenarios are analyzed: a baseline scenario that considers a conventional activated sludge treatment technology exploiting data from an existing plant located in central Italy, a second scenario that involves the implementation of MBR technology applied to the baseline scenario, and finally a third scenario that consists of the addition of an anaerobic digester that allows energy recovery from biogas production, followed by a photovoltaic plant capable of supplying the plant energy demand. Global warming potential, eutrophication, and acidification are the environmental categories considered most relevant to emissions. The results showed that the effluent had the highest impact in terms of CO2 equivalent in all three situations due to the presence of N2O. Since emissions from biological processes, transportation, and wastewater are almost similar in all three scenarios, it is preferable to focus on the environmental impacts associated with energy consumption. The third scenario involves careful resource management and the use of treatment technologies that allow for a reduction in the use of nonrenewable energy sources in favor of renewable ones.
ISSN:2073-4441
2073-4441
DOI:10.3390/w16081177