Revisiting the Usage of Alpha in Scale Evaluation: Effects of Scale Length and Sample Size

Short scales are time‐efficient for participants and cost‐effective in research. However, researchers often mistakenly expect short scales to have the same reliability as long ones without considering the effect of scale length. We argue that applying a universal benchmark for alpha is problematic a...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Educational measurement, issues and practice issues and practice, 2024-06, Vol.43 (2), p.74-81
Main Authors: Xiao, Leifeng, Hau, Kit‐Tai, Wang, Melissa Dan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
coefficient alpha
cutoff value
Educational evaluation
Educational tests & measurements
Reliability
Sample size
scale evaluation
scale length
Citations: Items that this one cites
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Short scales are time‐efficient for participants and cost‐effective in research. However, researchers often mistakenly expect short scales to have the same reliability as long ones without considering the effect of scale length. We argue that applying a universal benchmark for alpha is problematic as the impact of low‐quality items is greater on shorter scales. In this study, we proposed simple guidelines for item reduction using the “alpha‐if‐item‐deleted” procedure in scale construction. An item can be removed if alpha increases or decreases by less than .02, especially for short scales. Conversely, an item should be retained if alpha decreases by more than .04 upon its removal. For reliability benchmarks, .80 is relatively safe in most conditions, but higher benchmarks are recommended for longer scales and smaller sample sizes. Supplementary analyses, including item content, face validity, and content coverage, are critical to ensure scale quality.
ISSN:0731-1745
1745-3992
DOI:10.1111/emip.12604