Analysis of HHV-8/HIV-1 co-dynamics model with latency

• Published in: European physical journal plus 2024-05, Vol.139 (5), p.435, Article 435
• Main Authors: Elaiw, A. M., Almohaimeed, E. A., Hobiny, A. D.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Adaptive immunity; AIDS; Applied and Technical Physics; Atomic; Complex Systems; Condensed Matter Physics; Differential equations; Dynamics; Hepatitis; Herpes viruses; HIV; Human immunodeficiency virus; Immune system; Infections; Lymphocytes; Mathematical and Computational Physics; Mathematical models; Medical research; Molecular; Optical and Plasma Physics; Physics; Physics and Astronomy; Regular Article; Sarcoma; Sensitivity analysis; Theoretical; Viral infections
• ISSN: 2190-5444; 2190-5444
• DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05202-2

Numerous investigations have documented co-infection with both human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In order to investigate the co-dynamics of HIV-1 and HHV-8 within the host, we have developed a novel mathematical model represented by a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The model describes the interactions between uninfected CD4 + T cells, HIV-infected CD4 + T cells (both latent and active), free HIV-1 particles, uninfected B cells, HHV-8-infected B cells (both latent and active), and free HHV-8 particles. We prove that the model is biologically compatible and mathematically well-posed by looking at the nonnegativity and boundedness of the solutions. We identify four equilibrium points and investigate the stability of each one. We show that equilibria are globally asymptotically stable by using Lyapunov’s method and LaSalle’s invariance principle. Numerical simulations provide an illustration of the outcomes. Sensitivity analysis is performed for the basic reproduction number of HHV-8 single-infection ( R 1 ) and HIV-1 single-infection ( R 2 ). A comparison of HHV-8/HIV-1 co-infections with HIV-1 or HHV-8 single-infections is presented. Interestingly, we find that when HHV-8 and HIV-1 co-infect, their concentrations are higher than when they are infections alone. This outcome is consistent with several reports given in the literature. The effect of latently infected cells on the co-dynamics of HIV-1 and HHV-8 is investigated. It is demonstrated that by including the class of latently infected cells in the co-dynamics model, both R 1 and R 2 are decreased. If a model with latently infected cells is used, then fewer treatment efficacies will be required to maintain the system at the infection-free equilibrium and eradicate both HHV-8 and HIV-1 from the body.