Penta-band negative permittivity metamaterial with split disc ring resonator for s, c, x and Ku band applications

• Published in: Applied physics. A, Materials science & processing Materials science & processing, 2024-06, Vol.130 (6), Article 427
• Main Authors: Faruque, Mohammad Rashed Iqbal, Hossain, Md. Bellal, Islam, Mohammad Tariqul, Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antenna gain; Bandwidths; C band; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials; Condensed Matter Physics; Electromagnetic fields; Equivalent circuits; Frequency ranges; Machines; Manufacturing; Metamaterials; Nanotechnology; Optical and Electronic Materials; Permittivity; Physics; Physics and Astronomy; Processes; Refractivity; Resonators; Simulators; Substrates; Superhigh frequencies; Surfaces and Interfaces; Thin Films
• ISSN: 0947-8396; 1432-0630
• DOI: 10.1007/s00339-024-07587-4

A Penta band negative permittivity metamaterial using a split disc ring resonator for satellite applications is investigated in this paper. The proposed structure features a double split ring resonator with a split disc resonator attached on top of a high frequency suitable dielectric substrate Rogers RO 4350B (lossy) with a flexible thickness of 0.168 mm. The CST microwave studio 2019 simulator is used to evaluate the performance of the metamaterial structure. At 2.38 GHz (S-band), 6.60 GHz (C-band), 7.32 GHz (C-band), 8.60 GHz (X-band) and 16.34 GHz (Ku-band), the structure offers Penta band resonances of transmission coefficient (S21) with magnitudes of -34.60 dB, -35.39 dB, -30.32 dB, -32.65 dB and − 58.80 dB, respectively. The structure also shows the bandwidths of 0.26, 0.33, 0.24, 0.30 and 3.64 GHz at Penta band resonances. The characteristics of the metamaterial structure are elucidated through the effective medium parameter scenario. To provide additional clarity, electromagnetic field and surface current analysis plots are examined for different resonance frequencies. Negative permittivity has been realized in the frequency ranges of 2.38–3.20 GHz, 6.60–6.86 GHz, 7.32–7.72 GHz, 8.60–9.28 GHz and 16.34–19.76 GHz. The value of the relative permeability has been noticed nearly zero at all resonances. The value of the refractive index has also been perceived negative at all resonances. An effective medium ratio (EMR) of the proposed split disc resonator structure is 10.50 at 2.38 GHz, demonstrating its compactness and efficiency. The ADS software creates an equivalent circuit to verify the CST and HFSS simulator result. Fabrication of the proposed structure was done for experimental validation. The findings demonstrate a close match between simulation results using different simulators and experimental results. Due to its excellent bandwidth and superior EMR, the proposed structure presents a viable option for S, C, X, and Ku satellite bands, as well as for applications requiring antenna gain enhancement.