Evaluation of Bactericidal Potential and Catalytic Dye Degradation of Yttrium/Graphitic Carbon Nitride Doped Nickel Oxide Nanostructures

• Published in: Journal of inorganic and organometallic polymers and materials 2024, Vol.34 (5), p.2017-2029
• Main Authors: Arshad, Saba, Imran, Muhammad, Haider, Ali, Shahzadi, Anum, Saeed, Hafsa, Ul-Hamid, Anwar, Al-Anazy, Murefah Mana, Yousef, El Sayed, Ikram, Muhammad
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antiinfectives and antibacterials; Carbon; Carbon nitride; Catalytic activity; Chemical synthesis; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Coliforms; Degradation; Diffraction patterns; Dyes; E coli; Effectiveness; Energy gap; Evaluation; Fourier transforms; High resolution electron microscopy; Infrared spectra; Inorganic Chemistry; Molecular docking; Nanostructure; Nickel; Organic Chemistry; Photomicrographs; Polymer Sciences; Red shift; Reducing agents; Rhodamine; Vibration mode; Yttrium
• ISSN: 1574-1443; 1574-1451
• DOI: 10.1007/s10904-023-02944-x

In this research work, nickel dioxide (NiO 2 ) with a fixed quantity of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) and various concentrations of yttrium (Y) (2, 4 wt%) were synthesized via the coprecipitation method. The main objective is to degrade hazardous dyes such as Rhodamine B (RhB) with synthetic material and to assess antibacterial and catalytic activity with molecular docking analysis of the synthesized Y/g-C 3 N 4 -doped NiO 2 nanostructures (NSs). A series of characterizations for optical, morphological, structural, and compositional analysis of prepared NSs were monitored to better understand the obtained samples. X-ray diffraction pattern evaluated the hexagonal structure of NiO 2 . Fourier transform infrared spectra demonstrated the prescence of bending and stretching vibration modes. Upon the incorporation of Y and g-C 3 N 4, no visible transmittance shift was observed. The high resolution transmission electron microscopy micrographs affirmed the formation of agglomerated NiO 2 NSs with few rod-like shapes, also assured by EDS elemental configuration. The UV–vis spectra revealed a redshift upon including Y and g-C 3 N 4 into NiO 2 , leading the band gap energy to decrease from 3.6 to 3.4 eV. The catalytic efficacy of prepared samples was examined against Rhodamine B (RhB) dye in the prescence of reducing agent. In an acidic medium, the highest catalytic degradation rate of 99.85% was achieved by 4% Y/g-C 3 N 4 –NiO 2, ascribed to increased production of H + ions absorbed over the NSs surface. Moreover, the antimicrobial efficacy of synthesized NSs was evaluated against Escherichia coli ( E.coli ) bacteria and was observed as 3.15 mm. In silico docking studies of g-C 3 N 4 /NiO 2 and Y/g-C 3 N 4 –NiO 2 NSs for dihydrofolatereductase (DHFR) and dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) of E.coli postulated inhibition of the enzymes above as a possible mechanism in addition to their microbicidal activity.