Characterization of pre- and post-failure deformation and evolution of the Shanyang landslide using multi-temporal remote sensing data

• Published in: Landslides 2024-07, Vol.21 (7), p.1659-1672
• Main Authors: Zhan, Jiewei, Sun, Yuemin, Yu, Zhaoyue, Meng, Huanyu, Zhu, Wu, Peng, Jianbing
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agriculture; Civil Engineering; Deformation; Deformation analysis; Digital Elevation Models; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Engineering geology; Evolution; Failure mechanisms; Geography; Hazard assessment; Landslide warnings; Landslides; Landslides & mudslides; Natural Hazards; Rainfall; Remote sensing; Remote sensing techniques; Segments; Sensing techniques; Synthetic aperture radar interferometry; Technical Note; Topographic mapping; Topographic maps
• ISSN: 1612-510X; 1612-5118
• DOI: 10.1007/s10346-024-02257-1

On August 12, 2015, a catastrophic landslide occurred in Shanyang County, Shaanxi Province, China, resulting in 7 deaths and 53 missing. This study investigates the lifecycle evolution and failure mechanism of the Shanyang landslide with multi-source remote sensing data, emphasizing the critical role of locked segments in the Shanyang landslide. Differential interferometric analysis and deformation decomposition were utilized to reveal the pre-failure deformation pattern of the Shanyang landslide. Creeping deformation was found along the underlying soft layer 4 months prior to the landslide, with the deformation mainly occurring downslope and controlled by the locked segment at the front edge of the slope. The integration of a 1:1000 pre-failure topographic map and a high-precision post-failure digital elevation model determined the landslide volume to be 1.60 × 10 6 m 3 and revealed a maximum travel distance of 500 m. Combining engineering geological zoning with deformation data, the Shanyang landslide was classified as a typical locked-segment-dominated slide in soft-hard interbedded strata, with rainfall as a key deformation influence factor. Finally, using the time series deformation from SBAS-InSAR, the post-failure stability of the landslide area was analyzed. This study demonstrates the potential of integrating multi-temporal remote sensing techniques to identify the entire deformation and destruction process of landslides and their influencing factors, which offers valuable insights for improving early landslide warnings and hazard assessments.