Co-hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge and bamboo: hydrochar properties and risk assessment of heavy metals

The reduction of heavy metal (HM) risk while realizing energy utilization of sewage sludge (SS) remains an important challenge for SS treatment. The effects of pretreatment and additives (citric acid (CA), ferric chloride (FC), and fulvic acid (FA)) were explored based on co-hydrothermal carbonizati...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomass conversion and biorefinery 2024-06, Vol.14 (12), p.12747-12760
Main Authors: Lu, Xiaoluan, Ma, Xiaoqian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Additives
Bamboo
Biotechnology
Calorific value
Carbonization
Citric acid
Ecological risk assessment
Energy
Energy utilization
Ferric chloride
Fuels
Heavy metals
Original Article
Pretreatment
Renewable and Green Energy
Sewage sludge
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Summary:The reduction of heavy metal (HM) risk while realizing energy utilization of sewage sludge (SS) remains an important challenge for SS treatment. The effects of pretreatment and additives (citric acid (CA), ferric chloride (FC), and fulvic acid (FA)) were explored based on co-hydrothermal carbonization (co-HTC) of SS and bamboo (BO). The results showed that the use of FC and FA pretreatment was beneficial in reducing the potential ecological risk of HMs and total concentration of Cu, Cr, and Ni. However, in terms of fuel properties, compared to pretreatment, additives were more beneficial in improving the fuel ratio and the high heating value (HHV). Specifically, among all samples, the maximum values of fuel ratio (0.49), HHV (12.85 MJ/kg), and combustibility index (8.00) were all achieved by employing different additives. It was worth noting that FC could not only improve fuel ratio but also obtain a low risk index (14.38) when used as an additive. Therefore, although pretreatment was more efficient in reducing the risk of HMs, additives could improve the fuel properties while alleviating the HMs risks to a certain extent. These findings contributed to the optimization of the HTC process of SS.
ISSN:2190-6815
2190-6823
DOI:10.1007/s13399-022-03223-4