The Effect of Strength Training Methods on Middle-Distance and Long-Distance Runners'Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis

Background The running performance of middle-distance and long-distance runners is determined by factors such as maximal oxygen uptake (V02max), velocity at V02max (vV02max), maximum metabolic steady state (MIVISS), running economy, and sprint capacity. Strength training is a proven strategy for imp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sports medicine (Auckland) 2024-07, Vol.54 (7), p.1801-1833
Main Authors: Llanos-Lagos, Cristian, Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo, Moran, Jason, de Villarreal, Eduardo Saez
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Body mass
Boolean
Consumption
Endurance
Meta-analysis
Metabolism
Methods
Physical training
Repetition
Running
Sports training
Strength training
Systematic review
Velocity
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Summary:Background The running performance of middle-distance and long-distance runners is determined by factors such as maximal oxygen uptake (V02max), velocity at V02max (vV02max), maximum metabolic steady state (MIVISS), running economy, and sprint capacity. Strength training is a proven strategy for improving running performance in endurance runners. However, the effects of different strength training methods on the determinants of running performance are unclear. Objective The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to compare the effect of different strength training methods (e.g., high load, submaximal load, plyometric, combined) on performance (i.e., time trial and time until exhaustion) and its determinants (i.e., V02max, vV02max, MMSS, sprint capacity) in middle-distance and long-distance runners. Methods A systematic search was conducted across electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, SCOPUS). The search included articles indexed up to November 2022, using various keywords combined with Boolean operators. The eligibility criteria were: (1) middle- and long-distance runners, without restriction on sex or training/competitive level; (2) application of a strength training method for > 3 weeks, including high load training (> 80% of one repetition maximum), submaximal load training (40-79% of one repetition maximum), plyometric training, and combined training (i.e., two or more methods); (3) endurance running training control group under no strength training or under strength training with low loads (
ISSN:0112-1642
1179-2035
DOI:10.1007/S40279-024-02018-z