Awakening the Proto‐Lexicon: A Proto‐Lexicon Gives Learning Advantages for Intentionally Learning a Language

• Published in: Language learning 2024-09, Vol.74 (3), p.744-776
• Main Authors: Mattingley, Wakayo, Panther, Forrest, Todd, Simon, King, Jeanette, Hay, Jennifer, Keegan, Peter J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Lexicology; Lexicon; Malayo Polynesian Languages; Maori language; Phonotactics; proto‐lexicon; Māori; second language acquisition; incidental exposure; intentional learning; Second language learning
• ISSN: 0023-8333; 1467-9922
• DOI: 10.1111/lang.12635

Previous studies report that exposure to the Māori language on a regular basis allows New Zealand adults who cannot speak Māori to build a proto‐lexicon of Māori—an implicit memory of word forms without detailed knowledge of meaning. How might this knowledge feed into explicit language learning? Is it possible to “awaken” the proto‐lexicon in the context of overt language learning? We investigate whether implicit linguistic knowledge represented in a proto‐lexicon gives any advantages for intentional language learning in a tertiary educational environment. We conducted a three‐task experiment which: (a) assessed participants’ Māori proto‐lexicon, (b) assessed their phonotactic knowledge, and (c) tested them on Māori vocabulary that they had been exposed to during the course at two time points. The results show that students with larger Māori proto‐lexicons learn more words in a classroom setting. This study shows that proto‐lexicon acquired from ambient exposure can lead to significant benefits in language learning. A one‐page Accessible Summary of this article in nontechnical language is freely available in the Supporting Information online and at https://oasis‐database.org