Fluorine fixation for spent lithium-ion batteries toward closed-loop lithium recycling

The contamination of F inhibits the recovery of pure Li from spent Li-ion batteries (LIBs). In this study, we extracted F from a cathode material of spent Li-ion batteries by dry and wet processes and investigated the effect on Li recovery. In the dry process, F was removed by calcination at a contr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of material cycles and waste management 2024-09, Vol.26 (5), p.2696-2705
Main Authors: Kuzuhara, Shunsuke, Yamada, Yuto, Igarashi, Ayaka, Fujiwara, Kazuki, Terakado, Osamu, Kasuya, Ryo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Calcium hydroxide
Carbon
Civil Engineering
Closed loops
Closed-loop recycling
Desiccants
Electric vehicles
Electrode materials
Engineering
Environmental engineering
Environmental Management
Fixing agents
Fluorides
Fluorine
Leaching
Lithium
Lithium-ion batteries
Original Article
Recycling
Roasting
Slaked lime
Temperature
Waste management
Waste Management/Waste Technology
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Summary:The contamination of F inhibits the recovery of pure Li from spent Li-ion batteries (LIBs). In this study, we extracted F from a cathode material of spent Li-ion batteries by dry and wet processes and investigated the effect on Li recovery. In the dry process, F was removed by calcination at a controlled temperature in the presence of an F-fixing agent. In the wet process, F − ions were removed by adding Ca(OH) 2 as a F-fixing agent to F-containing aqueous Li solution. Through sequential calcination (500 °C) and water leaching cycles, we achieved high Li- and F-leaching efficiencies of 87 and 93%, respectively. When the second calcination temperature (500 °C) was higher than the first (350 °C), a high-purity Li solution was attained from water leaching after the second calcination, in which the F − concentration was approximately 1/10th that of the Li + concentration. Furthermore, the wet process successfully removed 98% of F from a F-containing aqueous Li solution by adding Ca(OH) 2 . Thus, pure Li was successfully extracted from spent LIBs by a carbothermal process using calcium salt and water leaching treatment. The proposed acid-free process facilitates the recovery of Li from spent LIBs, which is promising for the closed-loop recycling of Li.
ISSN:1438-4957
1611-8227
DOI:10.1007/s10163-024-01991-x