Breaking the Fe3O4-wrapped copper microstructure to enhance copper–slag separation

• Published in: International journal of minerals, metallurgy and materials metallurgy and materials, 2024-10, Vol.31 (10), p.2312-2325
• Main Authors: Chi, Xiaopeng, Liu, Haoyu, Xia, Jun, Chen, Hang, Yu, Xiangtao, Weng, Wei, Zhong, Shuiping
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anthracite; Ceramics; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials; Chemistry and Materials Science; Composites; Copper; Copper converters; Copper mattes; Copper sulfides; Corrosion and Coatings; Density functional theory; Depolymerization; Droplets; Fourier transforms; FTIR spectrometers; Glass; Infrared spectrometers; Infrared spectroscopy; Iron oxides; Materials Science; Metallic Materials; Microstructure; Natural Materials; Pellets; Photoelectrons; Pyrite; Raman spectroscopy; Recovery; Reducing agents; Research Article; Separation; Slag; Solid phases; Spectroscopy; Spectrum analysis; Surfaces and Interfaces; Thin Films; Tribology; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy
• ISSN: 1674-4799; 1869-103X
• DOI: 10.1007/s12613-024-2861-4

The precipitation of Fe 3 O 4 particles and the accompanied formation of Fe 3 O 4 -wrapped copper structure are the main obstacles to copper recovery from the molten slag during the pyrometallurgical smelting of copper concentrates. Herein, the commercial powdery pyrite or anthracite is replaced with pyrite–anthracite pellets as the reductants to remove a large amount of Fe 3 O 4 particles in the molten slag, resulting in a deep fracture in the Fe 3 O 4 -wrapped copper microstructure and the full exposure of the copper matte cores. When 1wt% composite pellet is used as the reductant, the copper matte droplets are enlarged greatly from 25 µm to a size observable by the naked eye, with the copper content being enriched remarkably from 1.2wt% to 4.5wt%. Density functional theory calculation results imply that the formation of the Fe 3 O 4 -wrapped copper structure is due to the preferential adhesion of Cu 2 S on the Fe 3 O 4 particles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy results all reveal that the high-efficiency conversion of Fe 3 O 4 to FeO can decrease the volume fraction of the solid phase and promote the depolymerization of silicate network structure. As a consequence, the settling of copper matte droplets is enhanced due to the lowered slag viscosity, contributing to the high efficiency of copper–slag separation for copper recovery. The results provide new insights into the enhanced in-situ enrichment of copper from molten slag.