Structural Basis and Molecular Mechanisms of Cl– Transmembrane Transport in Cardiomyocytes

The intracellular concentration of chloride anions ([Cl – ] i ), the equilibrium potential for chloride anions (E Cl ), and transmembrane chloride currents (I Cl ) are significant factors influencing the electrophysiological properties of excitable tissues, including the myocardium. Several types of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Moscow University biological sciences bulletin 2024, Vol.79 (Suppl 1), p.S17-S32
Main Authors: Voronina, Y. A., Karhov, A. M., Kuzmin, V. S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anions
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Cardiomyocytes
Cell Biology
Chloride
Chloride conductance
Chloride currents
Chloride transport
Heart
Homeostasis
Ion currents
Life Sciences
Molecular modelling
Myocardium
Plant Sciences
Protein transport
Review
Zoology
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Summary:The intracellular concentration of chloride anions ([Cl – ] i ), the equilibrium potential for chloride anions (E Cl ), and transmembrane chloride currents (I Cl ) are significant factors influencing the electrophysiological properties of excitable tissues, including the myocardium. Several types of chloride conductance have been identified in the heart. In recent years, multiple transmembrane proteins demonstrating chloride conductance have been identified (CFTR, ClC, TMEM16, and LRRC8), and their expression in cardiac tissue has been confirmed. Accumulated data allow for establishing a molecular substrate for some chloride anion currents (I Cl,PKA , I Cl,ir , I Cl,vol , I Cl,swell , I Cl,Ca , and I to2 ) detected in the heart. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms regulating [Cl – ] i and E Cl through chloride cotransporters (KCC and NKCC1) and chloride-bicarbonate exchangers have been established. The variety of structures determining chloride transmembrane conductivity and the complexity of molecular mechanisms regulating chloride homeostasis underlie the complex effects of activation of chloride transporters in the pacemaker, conduction system, and working myocardium of the heart. This review discusses the structural and biophysical properties as well as molecular regulation of chloride transporter protein complexes identified in the myocardium. The review also covers the mechanisms by which chloride transmembrane transport influences the bioelectrical activity of cardiomyocytes.
ISSN:0096-3925
1934-791X
DOI:10.3103/S0096392524600741