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Exploring citric acid cross-linking: achieving optimal properties in cellulose–gelatin films for antimicrobial biopolymer applications
This study investigates the cross-linking mechanism’s ability to modify and enhance material properties, particularly in biopolymer applications. Although cross-linking offers numerous advantages, precise control over the cross-linking level is essential for achieving optimal properties and reducing...
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| Published in: | Journal of materials science 2024-12, Vol.59 (48), p.22327-22343 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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| container_end_page | 22343 |
| container_issue | 48 |
| container_start_page | 22327 |
| container_title | Journal of materials science |
| container_volume | 59 |
| creator | Amelia, Sekar Tri Wulan Adiningsih, Shafira Nur Nurtono, Tantular Setyawan, Heru Ogi, Takashi Septiani, Eka Lutfi Widiyastuti, W. |
| description | This study investigates the cross-linking mechanism’s ability to modify and enhance material properties, particularly in biopolymer applications. Although cross-linking offers numerous advantages, precise control over the cross-linking level is essential for achieving optimal properties and reducing undesirable effects. We explored the multifunctional effects of citric acid (CA) as a cross-linking agent in cellulose–gelatin films, assessing its impact at various concentrations. Our findings reveal that excessive cross-linking does not always improve film properties. Notably, cellulose–gelatin films containing 10% (wt) CA exhibited a smooth surface and favorable characteristics, achieving a percent elongation of 77.44%, tensile strength of 0.09 MPa, and Young modulus of 1.21. The films also exhibit a high swelling ratio, indicating their excellent swelling ability in aqueous environments. Furthermore, in vitro evaluations indicated that CA significantly enhances the antibacterial activity of films against
Escherichia coli
and
Staphylococcus aureus
. These results demonstrate the potential of CA cross-linked cellulose–gelatin films in medical and healthcare applications, particularly as wound dressings that deliver durable antimicrobial efficacy.
Graphical abstract |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10853-024-10481-2 |
| format | article |
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Escherichia coli
and
Staphylococcus aureus
. These results demonstrate the potential of CA cross-linked cellulose–gelatin films in medical and healthcare applications, particularly as wound dressings that deliver durable antimicrobial efficacy.
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Escherichia coli
and
Staphylococcus aureus
. These results demonstrate the potential of CA cross-linked cellulose–gelatin films in medical and healthcare applications, particularly as wound dressings that deliver durable antimicrobial efficacy.
Graphical abstract</description><subject>Antiinfectives and antibacterials</subject><subject>Aqueous environments</subject><subject>Biopolymers</subject><subject>Cellulose</subject><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Citric acid</subject><subject>Classical Mechanics</subject><subject>Crosslinking</subject><subject>Crystallography and Scattering Methods</subject><subject>E coli</subject><subject>Gelatin</subject><subject>Material properties</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Polymer Sciences</subject><subject>Polymers & Biopolymers</subject><subject>Solid Mechanics</subject><subject>Swelling ratio</subject><subject>Tensile strength</subject><issn>0022-2461</issn><issn>1573-4803</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid/><recordid>eNpFkL9OwzAQhy0EEqXwAkyWmA1nO3YSNlSVP1Illu5R4tjFxY2NnSLYGNl5Q54ElyIxnXT33Z1-H0LnFC4pQHmVKFSCE2AFoVBUlLADNKGi5KSogB-iCQBjhBWSHqOTlNYAIEpGJ-hz_hacj3ZYYWXHaBVule2xij4l4uzwnCfXufdk9esO8mG0m9bhEH3QcbQ6YTtgpZ3bOp_098fXSrt2zD1j3SZh4yNuh7xj88nO5s3O-uDd-0bnQQjOqkz7IZ2iI9O6pM_-6hQtb-fL2T1ZPN49zG4WJOQ4I9FFWVApjQLOec1M0WlqWN1VfSu5MDWXEozoeymqXpq2LGtoFa0FVZ3hUvMputifzQFetjqNzdpv45A_NpwWHErJmMgU31Mp7NTo-E9RaHbGm73xJhtvfo03jP8AvrV4nw</recordid><startdate>20241201</startdate><enddate>20241201</enddate><creator>Amelia, Sekar Tri Wulan</creator><creator>Adiningsih, Shafira Nur</creator><creator>Nurtono, Tantular</creator><creator>Setyawan, Heru</creator><creator>Ogi, Takashi</creator><creator>Septiani, Eka Lutfi</creator><creator>Widiyastuti, W.</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope/><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2805-2836</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20241201</creationdate><title>Exploring citric acid cross-linking: achieving optimal properties in cellulose–gelatin films for antimicrobial biopolymer applications</title><author>Amelia, Sekar Tri Wulan ; Adiningsih, Shafira Nur ; Nurtono, Tantular ; Setyawan, Heru ; Ogi, Takashi ; Septiani, Eka Lutfi ; Widiyastuti, W.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-p157t-e474166fc033392f4be1f29b8da635f93660f5dd658d6fa7790ac1951cbf36e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Antiinfectives and antibacterials</topic><topic>Aqueous environments</topic><topic>Biopolymers</topic><topic>Cellulose</topic><topic>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</topic><topic>Chemistry and Materials Science</topic><topic>Citric acid</topic><topic>Classical Mechanics</topic><topic>Crosslinking</topic><topic>Crystallography and Scattering Methods</topic><topic>E coli</topic><topic>Gelatin</topic><topic>Material properties</topic><topic>Materials Science</topic><topic>Polymer Sciences</topic><topic>Polymers & Biopolymers</topic><topic>Solid Mechanics</topic><topic>Swelling ratio</topic><topic>Tensile strength</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Amelia, Sekar Tri Wulan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adiningsih, Shafira Nur</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nurtono, Tantular</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Setyawan, Heru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ogi, Takashi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Septiani, Eka Lutfi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Widiyastuti, W.</creatorcontrib><jtitle>Journal of materials science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Amelia, Sekar Tri Wulan</au><au>Adiningsih, Shafira Nur</au><au>Nurtono, Tantular</au><au>Setyawan, Heru</au><au>Ogi, Takashi</au><au>Septiani, Eka Lutfi</au><au>Widiyastuti, W.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Exploring citric acid cross-linking: achieving optimal properties in cellulose–gelatin films for antimicrobial biopolymer applications</atitle><jtitle>Journal of materials science</jtitle><stitle>J Mater Sci</stitle><date>2024-12-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>59</volume><issue>48</issue><spage>22327</spage><epage>22343</epage><pages>22327-22343</pages><issn>0022-2461</issn><eissn>1573-4803</eissn><abstract>This study investigates the cross-linking mechanism’s ability to modify and enhance material properties, particularly in biopolymer applications. Although cross-linking offers numerous advantages, precise control over the cross-linking level is essential for achieving optimal properties and reducing undesirable effects. We explored the multifunctional effects of citric acid (CA) as a cross-linking agent in cellulose–gelatin films, assessing its impact at various concentrations. Our findings reveal that excessive cross-linking does not always improve film properties. Notably, cellulose–gelatin films containing 10% (wt) CA exhibited a smooth surface and favorable characteristics, achieving a percent elongation of 77.44%, tensile strength of 0.09 MPa, and Young modulus of 1.21. The films also exhibit a high swelling ratio, indicating their excellent swelling ability in aqueous environments. Furthermore, in vitro evaluations indicated that CA significantly enhances the antibacterial activity of films against
Escherichia coli
and
Staphylococcus aureus
. These results demonstrate the potential of CA cross-linked cellulose–gelatin films in medical and healthcare applications, particularly as wound dressings that deliver durable antimicrobial efficacy.
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| subjects | Antiinfectives and antibacterials Aqueous environments Biopolymers Cellulose Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Chemistry and Materials Science Citric acid Classical Mechanics Crosslinking Crystallography and Scattering Methods E coli Gelatin Material properties Materials Science Polymer Sciences Polymers & Biopolymers Solid Mechanics Swelling ratio Tensile strength |
| title | Exploring citric acid cross-linking: achieving optimal properties in cellulose–gelatin films for antimicrobial biopolymer applications |
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