Effect of childhood epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs on visual evoked potential response and optical coherence tomography

• Published in: The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery Psychiatry and Neurosurgery, 2024-12, Vol.60 (1), p.147-16
• Main Authors: Amira Ahmed Moussa, Ayman Nassef, Maha A. Nada, Marwa A. Karim, Shaimaa S. Khater, Nahed Salah El deen
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anti-epileptic drugs; Childhood epilepsy; Drugs; Epilepsy; Optical coherence tomography; Tomography; Visual evoked potential
• ISSN: 1110-1083; 1687-8329
• DOI: 10.1186/s41983-024-00925-6

BackgroundEpileptic seizures arise from an excessively synchronous and sustained discharge of a group of neurons. The single feature of all epileptic syndromes is a persistent increase of neuronal excitability. Visual affection in epileptic children could be attributed to the disease itself or the use of anti-epileptic drugs, these changes may involve abnormal electro-physiological response. This biphasic study, conducted at the neuro-pediatric clinic at neurology department, aimed to investigate effect of idiopathic childhood epilepsy per se on (1) visual evoked potential and (2) optical coherence tomography and effect of selected two antiepileptic medications on them. All subjects were exposed to visual evoked potential and only cooperative subjects exposed to ocular coherence tomography before and after anti-epileptic drugs and were followed up over 2 years.ResultsThe study included 50 newly diagnosed epileptic children and 50 healthy controls, the mean P100 latency in the right eyes of the control group was 110.4 ± 3.76ms, while in the patients group was 114.94 ± 12.81ms that showed significant difference between the two groups with p value (0.020). After 2 years of treatment by levetiracetam and valproate, the mean P100 latency of the right and left eyes in the valproate group was 112.34 ± 7.05 ms and 112.59 ± 5.2 ms, respectively, and it was 114.85 ± 10.39 ms and 116.14 ± 9.84 ms, respectively, in the valproate group, which showed insignificant difference between the two groups. The mean average of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness between patients and controls was significant in both right and left eyes with p value 0.002 and