Fullerene‐Free p–i–n Perovskite Solar Cells: Direct Deposition of Tin Oxide on Perovskite Layer Using Ligand Bridges

• Published in: Advanced energy materials 2024-10, Vol.14 (48), p.n/a
• Main Authors: Kim, Sung Yong, Woo, Mun Young, Jeong, Min Ju, Jeon, Soo Woong, Ahn, Jae Won, Park, Jeong Hyeon, Kim, Chan Young, Kim, Dong Hyun, Oh, Oui Jin, Yu, Giseon, Lee, Sangheon, Kim, Changyong, Kim, Dong Hoe, Noh, Jun Hong
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Charge efficiency; Charge transfer; Charge transport; Damage; Deposition; Electron transport; Energy conversion efficiency; Energy gap; Ethylenediamine; Fullerenes; perovskite; Perovskites; Photovoltaic cells; p–i–n; Quantum dots; SnO2; Solar cells; Tin dioxide; tin oxide; Tin oxides
• ISSN: 1614-6832; 1614-6840
• DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202402433

In p–i–n perovskite solar cells (PSCs), fullerene derivatives are predominantly used as an electron transport material (ETM) despite their disadvantages, such as parasitic absorption in the short wavelength range and high cost. State‐of‐the‐art n‐i‐p PSCs are fabricated using SnO2 as the ETM due to their high charge transfer ability, transparency, and low cost. However, in p–i–n PSCs, dispersing SnO2 nanoparticles in a solvent that does not damage the perovskite and forming a uniform layer is challenging. Herein, a strategy of directly depositing SnO2 quantum dots (QDs) on perovskite using ethylenediamine (EDA) for high‐performance applications is reported, which involves a SnO2 QD solution designed with a damage‐free cosolvent. Treating the SnO2 QD layer with the EDA strategy creates a conformal SnO2 QD layer and improves charge transport. This strategy achieves a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.9% in PSCs with a 1.77 eV bandgap, which is the highest PCE reported for wide bandgap p–i–n PSCs using an inorganic ETM. The top SnO2 layer enables ITO deposition without sputtering damage and achieves a bifacial factor of 99% due to the high transmittance of SnO2 QD. The resulting four‐terminal all‐perovskite tandem exhibited a PCE of 27.0%. This study presents a strategy to directly deposit SnO₂ quantum dots (QDs) on perovskite using ethylenediamine in p–i–n PSCs. By mitigating sputtering damage and due to the high transmittance of SnO₂ QDs, a transparent solar cell with a bifacial factor of 99% is implemented, and a four‐terminal all‐perovskite tandem cell with a PCE of 27.0% is realized.