The Relationship Between Conscious and Unconscious Influences: Independence or Redundancy?

Determining the relationship between conscious and unconscious influences is essential for obtaining valid estimates of the 2 types of influence. S. Joordens and P. M. Merikle (1993) recently argued that a redundancy relationship provides a plausible alternative to the independence model proposed by...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of experimental psychology. General 1994-06, Vol.123 (2), p.216-219
Main Authors: Jacoby, Larry L, Toth, Jeffrey P, Yonelinas, Andrew P, Debner, James A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Associative Processes
Consciousness
Consciousness States
Human
Memory
Psychology
Social research
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Summary:Determining the relationship between conscious and unconscious influences is essential for obtaining valid estimates of the 2 types of influence. S. Joordens and P. M. Merikle (1993) recently argued that a redundancy relationship provides a plausible alternative to the independence model proposed by L. L. Jacoby, J. P. Toth, and A. P. Yonelinas (1993) . In this article, the authors address Joordens and Merikle's concerns and still find the independence model preferable: First, the redundancy model requires the questionable assumption that a direct test (inclusion) is process pure. Second, results obtained with the independence model, but not with the redundancy model, converge with results from indirect tests. Finally, conclusions drawn from the independence model are in accordance with the theorizing that surrounds the concept of automaticity.
ISSN:0096-3445
1939-2222
DOI:10.1037/0096-3445.123.2.216